Exam 9: Water Resources

Thornthwaite devised a method for estimating potential evapotranspiration that utilized mean air temperature and daylength.

Define the following: soil-moisture storage,hygroscopic water,wilting point,capillary water,field capacity,gravitational water,soil-moisture recharge,soil porosity,and soil permeability.

Which of the following types of soils would be the most likely to produce runoff during a flash flood?

In general,the water table parallels the surface topography.

In order to protect aquifers from pollution,the bottoms of waste dumps should be lined with

Surplus (S)includes which of the following?

An aquifer pumped beyond its recharge rate is overutilized a condition called groundwater mining.

The upper limit of water that collects in the zone of saturation is the water table.

Which of the following cannot be used to meet the needs for potential evapotranspiration from the soil?

Soil moisture that plants are unable to use is called ________ water.

Which of the following can measure evapotranspiration?

The water-balance approach can be used to indirectly estimate streamflow.

Although more water can be held in a clay soil,less is actually available for plant use than in a loam soil.

The term for water that is caught on the surface of vegetation during a rain shower is ________.Some of this water will subsequently run down the branches and trunk of the tree to reach the ground surface by ________.Once on the ground,water will enter the soil in a process known as ________,and will then move downward through the soil as a result of the force of gravity.This movement of soil water under the influence of gravity is called ________.

Which of the following is the most directly useful for estimating stream flow?

Precipitation normally refers to

Water drains more easily from a sandy soil than from a clay soil.

An ________ is a rock layer that is permeable to groundwater flow in significant amounts,whereas an ________ is a body of rock that does not conduct water in usable amounts.Technically,the zone of saturation is an ________,a water-bearing stratum that is not confined by an impermeable overburden.The upper limit of the water that collects in the zone of saturation is called the ________.

What is the status of world water resources? What are the coming challenges to water supply?

If precipitation and soil moisture are inadequate to meet potential evapotranspiration demands,the moisture condition is described as