Question 1

Which of the following best describes what Walter Mischel (1966) meant by the term sex-typing?

Accepted Answer

A)  the process by which individuals acquire gendered behavior patterns through social reward and punishment 
B)  the process by which hormones cause sexual differentiation during early childhood 
C)  the different rates of cognitive development among boys and girls that produce gender stereotypes 
D)  the rigid categorization of infants into binary sex categories 
A)  the process by which individuals acquire gendered behavior patterns through social reward and punishment 
B)  the process by which hormones cause sexual differentiation during early childhood 
C)  the different rates of cognitive development among boys and girls that produce gender stereotypes 
D)  the rigid categorization of infants into binary sex categories

Question 2

In Western cultures, what are some of the outcomes of undergoing early puberty for girls?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased popularity and self-esteem 
B)  negative body image, depression, and engagement in risky behaviors 
C)  increased academic success and participation in extracurricular activities 
D)  a lack of social resources and smaller circles of friends 
A)  increased popularity and self-esteem 
B)  negative body image, depression, and engagement in risky behaviors 
C)  increased academic success and participation in extracurricular activities 
D)  a lack of social resources and smaller circles of friends

Question 3

Major theories of gender development fall into two broad categories: ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning; cognitive 
B)  social learning; neurological 
C)  neurological; cognitive 
D)  comparative; social learning 
A)  social learning; cognitive 
B)  social learning; neurological 
C)  neurological; cognitive 
D)  comparative; social learning

Question 4

Describe how strict, authoritative parenting is perceived in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents in Western and individualist

Question 5

A study examining the influence of parents and peers upon gender development would most likely come from the ______ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  comparative 
C)  neurological 
D)  social learning 
A)  cognitive 
B)  comparative 
C)  neurological 
D)  social learning

Question 6

______ refers to a culturally idealized and exaggerated vision of manhood that consists of competition, aggression, success, and toughness.

Accepted Answer

A)  precarious manhood 
B)  competitive masculinity 
C)  hegemonic masculinity 
D)  Prodigious manhood 
A)  precarious manhood 
B)  competitive masculinity 
C)  hegemonic masculinity 
D)  Prodigious manhood

Question 7

Parents tend to accurately predict sex differences among their infant children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies find what evidence relevant to degendering theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Western countries have higher rates of people who identify as "agender." 
B)  Older women are less likely to describe themselves as communal. 
C)  Sex differences increase in countries with greater gender equality. 
D)  Across all age groups, women rate themselves higher in communal traits and men rate themselves higher in agentic traits. 
A)  Western countries have higher rates of people who identify as "agender." 
B)  Older women are less likely to describe themselves as communal. 
C)  Sex differences increase in countries with greater gender equality. 
D)  Across all age groups, women rate themselves higher in communal traits and men rate themselves higher in agentic traits.

Question 9

Which of the following would be an example of a parent-child interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  parents buying Barbies and pink toys for their daughters because of gendered expectations 
B)  boys exhibiting rougher play following encouragement from their father 
C)  boys receiving harsher discipline because they do not respond to gentle punishment 
D)  girls learning to internalize failure based on feedback from their parents 
A)  parents buying Barbies and pink toys for their daughters because of gendered expectations 
B)  boys exhibiting rougher play following encouragement from their father 
C)  boys receiving harsher discipline because they do not respond to gentle punishment 
D)  girls learning to internalize failure based on feedback from their parents

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of the representation of girls and women in children's media?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the 1990s, roughly a third of lead characters in children's books were female. 
B)  Gender bias in favor of male characters is more pronounced in non-human animal characters. 
C)  Gender bias in favor of male characters is unique to Western cultures. 
D)  Coloring books contain more male than female lead characters. 
A)  In the 1990s, roughly a third of lead characters in children's books were female. 
B)  Gender bias in favor of male characters is more pronounced in non-human animal characters. 
C)  Gender bias in favor of male characters is unique to Western cultures. 
D)  Coloring books contain more male than female lead characters.

Question 11

According to the gender self-socialization model, what type of person will be most likely to develop gendered self-views?

Accepted Answer

A)  Someone who identifies strongly with their sex and endorses gender stereotypes. 
B)  Someone who rejects gender stereotypes but identifies strongly with their sex. 
C)  Someone who does not identify strongly with their sex but endorses gender stereotypes. 
D)  Someone who rejects gender stereotypes and does not identify strongly with their sex. 
A)  Someone who identifies strongly with their sex and endorses gender stereotypes. 
B)  Someone who rejects gender stereotypes but identifies strongly with their sex. 
C)  Someone who does not identify strongly with their sex but endorses gender stereotypes. 
D)  Someone who rejects gender stereotypes and does not identify strongly with their sex.

Question 12

A mental structure for organizing networks of information about gender is called a gender ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  category 
B)  script 
C)  module 
D)  schema 
A)  category 
B)  script 
C)  module 
D)  schema

Question 13

One advantage that socialization processes afford women over men is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  women are mentally sharper in old age 
B)  men lose power and influence more quickly as they grow older 
C)  women are more self-reliant in old age 
D)  women become more likeable as they grow older relative to men 
A)  women are mentally sharper in old age 
B)  men lose power and influence more quickly as they grow older 
C)  women are more self-reliant in old age 
D)  women become more likeable as they grow older relative to men

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage adults report during gender development later in life?

Accepted Answer

A)  overall decreases in sex differences on personality traits 
B)  internalization and acceptance of gender roles 
C)  increased independence from social relationships 
D)  relief from gendered expectations and responsibilities 
A)  overall decreases in sex differences on personality traits 
B)  internalization and acceptance of gender roles 
C)  increased independence from social relationships 
D)  relief from gendered expectations and responsibilities

Question 15

Which of the following describes how having siblings influences gender development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children without siblings exhibit the most gender typical behavior. 
B)  Children with or without siblings exhibit the same degree of gender typical behavior. 
C)  Children with older siblings of the opposite gender display the most gender typical behavior. 
D)  Children with older siblings of the same gender display the most gender typical behavior. 
A)  Children without siblings exhibit the most gender typical behavior. 
B)  Children with or without siblings exhibit the same degree of gender typical behavior. 
C)  Children with older siblings of the opposite gender display the most gender typical behavior. 
D)  Children with older siblings of the same gender display the most gender typical behavior.

Question 16

Children's peer and friendship circles tend to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  be segregated by sex for only about a quarter of the time 
B)  encourage gender typical behaviors when sex-segregated 
C)  be segregated by sex due to the preferences of adults and teachers 
D)  increase productivity in school when sex-segregated 
A)  be segregated by sex for only about a quarter of the time 
B)  encourage gender typical behaviors when sex-segregated 
C)  be segregated by sex due to the preferences of adults and teachers 
D)  increase productivity in school when sex-segregated

Question 17

In Western cultures, early puberty is related to more negative outcomes among girls than it is among boys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of risks faced by gender nonconforming children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender nonconforming children who lack the support of their parents are at greater risk of drug and substance abuse. 
B)  Gender nonconforming youth are more likely to be the targets of harassment and abuse from peers. 
C)  Gender nonconforming boys are at especially high rates of rejection and bullying. 
D)  Gender nonconforming girls suffer greater increases in risks of depression than gender nonconforming boys. 
A)  Gender nonconforming children who lack the support of their parents are at greater risk of drug and substance abuse. 
B)  Gender nonconforming youth are more likely to be the targets of harassment and abuse from peers. 
C)  Gender nonconforming boys are at especially high rates of rejection and bullying. 
D)  Gender nonconforming girls suffer greater increases in risks of depression than gender nonconforming boys.

Question 19

Research shows that parents and young adults emphasize different criteria for determining when adolescents become adults. For example, parents might place more emphasis on ______ whereas young adults are more likely to emphasize ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding juvenile misbehavior; getting married 
B)  finishing college; having children 
C)  biological changes; refraining from binge drinking 
D)  having children; biological changes 
A)  avoiding juvenile misbehavior; getting married 
B)  finishing college; having children 
C)  biological changes; refraining from binge drinking 
D)  having children; biological changes

Question 20

One study in the 1970s (and replicated in the 1990s) asked parents to rate their newborn infants on a series of adjectives. Researchers found that parents ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  used a larger number of adjectives when describing boys than girls 
B)  rated boys as stronger and more coordinated than girls 
C)  accurately accounted for gender differences in infants' physical traits 
D)  rely on bottom up perceptions rather than top down stereotypes 
A)  used a larger number of adjectives when describing boys than girls 
B)  rated boys as stronger and more coordinated than girls 
C)  accurately accounted for gender differences in infants' physical traits 
D)  rely on bottom up perceptions rather than top down stereotypes

Which of the following best describes what Walter Mischel (1966) meant by the term sex-typing?

In Western cultures, what are some of the outcomes of undergoing early puberty for girls?

Major theories of gender development fall into two broad categories: and .

Describe how strict, authoritative parenting is perceived in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

A study examining the influence of parents and peers upon gender development would most likely come from the ______ perspective.

______ refers to a culturally idealized and exaggerated vision of manhood that consists of competition, aggression, success, and toughness.

Parents tend to accurately predict sex differences among their infant children.

Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies find what evidence relevant to degendering theory?

Which of the following would be an example of a parent-child interaction?

Which of the following is NOT true of the representation of girls and women in children's media?

According to the gender self-socialization model, what type of person will be most likely to develop gendered self-views?

A mental structure for organizing networks of information about gender is called a gender ______.

One advantage that socialization processes afford women over men is ______.

Which of the following is an advantage adults report during gender development later in life?

Which of the following describes how having siblings influences gender development?

Children's peer and friendship circles tend to ______.

In Western cultures, early puberty is related to more negative outcomes among girls than it is among boys.

Which of the following is NOT true of risks faced by gender nonconforming children?

Research shows that parents and young adults emphasize different criteria for determining when adolescents become adults. For example, parents might place more emphasis on whereas young adults are more likely to emphasize .

One study in the 1970s (and replicated in the 1990s) asked parents to rate their newborn infants on a series of adjectives. Researchers found that parents ______.

Introducing Sex and Gender

Studying Sex and Gender

The Nature and Nurture of Sex and Gender

The Contents and Origins of Gender Stereotypes

Power, Sexism, and Discrimination

Cognitive Abilities and Aptitudes

Language, Communication, and Emotion

Sexual Orientation and Sexuality

Interpersonal Relationships

Work and Home

Gender and Physical Health

Gender and Psychological Health

Aggression and Violence

Filters

Exam 4: Gender Development

Which of the following best describes what Walter Mischel (1966) meant by the term sex-typing?

In Western cultures, what are some of the outcomes of undergoing early puberty for girls?

Major theories of gender development fall into two broad categories: ______ and ______.

Describe how strict, authoritative parenting is perceived in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures.

A study examining the influence of parents and peers upon gender development would most likely come from the ______ perspective.

______ refers to a culturally idealized and exaggerated vision of manhood that consists of competition, aggression, success, and toughness.

Parents tend to accurately predict sex differences among their infant children.

Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies find what evidence relevant to degendering theory?

Which of the following would be an example of a parent-child interaction?

Which of the following is NOT true of the representation of girls and women in children's media?

According to the gender self-socialization model, what type of person will be most likely to develop gendered self-views?

A mental structure for organizing networks of information about gender is called a gender ______.

One advantage that socialization processes afford women over men is ______.

Which of the following is an advantage adults report during gender development later in life?

Which of the following describes how having siblings influences gender development?

Children's peer and friendship circles tend to ______.

In Western cultures, early puberty is related to more negative outcomes among girls than it is among boys.

Which of the following is NOT true of risks faced by gender nonconforming children?

Research shows that parents and young adults emphasize different criteria for determining when adolescents become adults. For example, parents might place more emphasis on ______ whereas young adults are more likely to emphasize ______.

One study in the 1970s (and replicated in the 1990s) asked parents to rate their newborn infants on a series of adjectives. Researchers found that parents ______.

Introducing Sex and Gender

Studying Sex and Gender

The Nature and Nurture of Sex and Gender

The Contents and Origins of Gender Stereotypes

Power, Sexism, and Discrimination

Cognitive Abilities and Aptitudes

Language, Communication, and Emotion

Sexual Orientation and Sexuality

Interpersonal Relationships

Work and Home

Gender and Physical Health

Gender and Psychological Health

Aggression and Violence

Filters

Major theories of gender development fall into two broad categories: and .

Research shows that parents and young adults emphasize different criteria for determining when adolescents become adults. For example, parents might place more emphasis on whereas young adults are more likely to emphasize .