Question 1

A pacemaker that appears unexpectedly at an abnormal site in the heart muscle is called a(n) _.

Accepted Answer

A)  ectopic pacemaker 
B)  Heart muscle cannot serve as a pacemaker. 
C)  extrasystole 
D)  supplemental rhythmic center 
A)  ectopic pacemaker 
B)  Heart muscle cannot serve as a pacemaker. 
C)  extrasystole 
D)  supplemental rhythmic center A

Question 2

During the vagal stimulation experiment, the resumption of the heart beat is called .

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic surge 
B)  vagal escape 
C)  vagal suppression 
D)  autonomic recovery 
A)  sympathetic surge 
B)  vagal escape 
C)  vagal suppression 
D)  autonomic recovery B

Question 3

Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of bathing the heart with K+, Na+, or Ca2+?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contractions become weaker. 
B)  The heart stops beating. 
C)  Arrhythmias occur. 
D)  Contractions become more forceful. 
A)  Contractions become weaker. 
B)  The heart stops beating. 
C)  Arrhythmias occur. 
D)  Contractions become more forceful. C

Question 4

In investigating the microcirculation of the frog foot, you note the following about blood flow: .

Accepted Answer

A)  blood flows smoothly through arterioles, capillaries, and venules at the same velocity 
B)  blood flow in the arterioles and venules is slow and smooth; it is very slow in the capillaries 
C)  blood flow in the arterioles is rapid and pulsating; it is very slow in the capillaries, and slow and smooth in the venules 
D)  blood flow in the arterioles and venules is rapid and pulsating; it is slow in the capillaries 
A)  blood flows smoothly through arterioles, capillaries, and venules at the same velocity 
B)  blood flow in the arterioles and venules is slow and smooth; it is very slow in the capillaries 
C)  blood flow in the arterioles is rapid and pulsating; it is very slow in the capillaries, and slow and smooth in the venules 
D)  blood flow in the arterioles and venules is rapid and pulsating; it is slow in the capillaries

Question 5

Which of the following chemicals causes vasodilation and increased capillary blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ringer's solution 
B)  histamine 
C)  epinephrine 
A)  Ringer's solution 
B)  histamine 
C)  epinephrine

Question 6

Skeletal muscle can be tetanized; can heart muscle also be tetanized? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, heart muscle does not show summation and tetanus because of the long refractory period of cardiac muscle cells. 
B)  Yes, extrasystoles are evidence of tetanus. 
C)  Yes, all muscle can be tetanized. 
A)  No, heart muscle does not show summation and tetanus because of the long refractory period of cardiac muscle cells. 
B)  Yes, extrasystoles are evidence of tetanus. 
C)  Yes, all muscle can be tetanized.

Question 7

Atropine sulfate when applied to the frog heart will _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  slow down heart rate 
B)  increase heart rate 
C)  not affect the heart rate 
A)  slow down heart rate 
B)  increase heart rate 
C)  not affect the heart rate

Question 8

Tightening of the Stannius ligature between the atria and the ventricle can induce a complete heart block in a frog heart. During a complete heart block, _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  the atria and ventricle beat independent of each other 
B)  there is a 2:1 ratio between atrial and ventricular contraction 
C)  there is a 1:1 ratio between atrial and ventricular contraction 
A)  the atria and ventricle beat independent of each other 
B)  there is a 2:1 ratio between atrial and ventricular contraction 
C)  there is a 1:1 ratio between atrial and ventricular contraction

Question 9

The heart muscle is said to have automaticity, which means that .

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart has a built-in automatic nerve 
B)  the heart muscle beats in a regular rhythm 
C)  the heart muscle depolarizes and contracts spontaneously without external stimulation 
D)  the nerves that innervate the heart cause the heart to beat automatically 
A)  the heart has a built-in automatic nerve 
B)  the heart muscle beats in a regular rhythm 
C)  the heart muscle depolarizes and contracts spontaneously without external stimulation 
D)  the nerves that innervate the heart cause the heart to beat automatically

Question 10

Below are several structures from the frog heart. Select the correct sequence that lists the structures from the one with the highest rate of contraction, to the one with the lowest rate of contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  atria, ventricle, sinus venosus 
B)  atria, sinus venosus, ventricle 
C)  sinus venosus, atria, ventricle 
D)  ventricle, atria, sinus venosus 
A)  atria, ventricle, sinus venosus 
B)  atria, sinus venosus, ventricle 
C)  sinus venosus, atria, ventricle 
D)  ventricle, atria, sinus venosus

Question 11

Your observations of cooling and warming the beating frog heart include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Warming the heart has no effect on heart rate. 
B)  Cooling the heart has no effect on heart rate. 
C)  Heart rate is very sensitive to temperature: it slows with cooling and beats faster with warming. 
A)  Warming the heart has no effect on heart rate. 
B)  Cooling the heart has no effect on heart rate. 
C)  Heart rate is very sensitive to temperature: it slows with cooling and beats faster with warming.

Question 12

The frog heart has .

Accepted Answer

A)  1 atrium and 2 ventricles 
B)  2 atria and 1 ventricle 
C)  1 atrium and 1 ventricle 
D)  2 atria and 2 ventricles 
A)  1 atrium and 2 ventricles 
B)  2 atria and 1 ventricle 
C)  1 atrium and 1 ventricle 
D)  2 atria and 2 ventricles

Question 13

Although the heart beats without nervous innervation, can modify the heart rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones 
B)  various chemicals and ions 
C)  impulses from the autonomic nerves 
D)  impulses from the autonomic nerves, hormones, and various chemicals and ions 
A)  hormones 
B)  various chemicals and ions 
C)  impulses from the autonomic nerves 
D)  impulses from the autonomic nerves, hormones, and various chemicals and ions

Question 14

During total heart block in the frog, .

Accepted Answer

A)  the atria continue to beat, but the ventricle ceases beating 
B)  the atria and the ventricle continue to beat, but they beat independently of each other 
C)  the heart continues to beat in normal rhythm 
D)  the atria and the ventricle continue to beat, but the atria beat slower than the ventricle 
A)  the atria continue to beat, but the ventricle ceases beating 
B)  the atria and the ventricle continue to beat, but they beat independently of each other 
C)  the heart continues to beat in normal rhythm 
D)  the atria and the ventricle continue to beat, but the atria beat slower than the ventricle

Question 15

You have dissected the heart and gastrocnemius muscle from a frog. You observe that .

Accepted Answer

A)  the heart contracts spontaneously, while the gastrocnemius has not contracted at all 
B)  the gastrocnemius continues to contract, while the heart ceases to beat 
C)  both muscles contract on the dissection tray 
A)  the heart contracts spontaneously, while the gastrocnemius has not contracted at all 
B)  the gastrocnemius continues to contract, while the heart ceases to beat 
C)  both muscles contract on the dissection tray

Question 16

Given that impulses from parasympathetic nerves decrease heart rate, and that the neurotransmitter for parasympathetic postganglionic fibers is acetylcholine (ACh), predict how the following chemicals might affect heart rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pilocarpine, a drug that simulates the action of ACh, will decrease heart rate. 
B)  Pilocarpine, a drug that simulates the action of ACh, will increase heart rate. 
C)  Pilocarpine, a drug that simulates the action of ACh, will increase heart rate; and atropine, a drug that blocks the action of ACh, will decrease heart rate. 
D)  Atropine, a drug that blocks the action of ACh, will decrease heart rate. 
A)  Pilocarpine, a drug that simulates the action of ACh, will decrease heart rate. 
B)  Pilocarpine, a drug that simulates the action of ACh, will increase heart rate. 
C)  Pilocarpine, a drug that simulates the action of ACh, will increase heart rate; and atropine, a drug that blocks the action of ACh, will decrease heart rate. 
D)  Atropine, a drug that blocks the action of ACh, will decrease heart rate.

Question 17

You have observed an extrasystole in your recording of frog heart contractile activity. Where did it occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  during ventricular diastole 
B)  during atrial contraction 
C)  during ventricular systole 
A)  during ventricular diastole 
B)  during atrial contraction 
C)  during ventricular systole

Question 18

During vagal stimulation of the frog heart, you observe which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart slows down. 
B)  The heart slows until it almost stops, then speeds up. 
C)  The heart slows, stops, and then begins to beat again. 
D)  The heart stops beating, and the frog dies. 
A)  The heart slows down. 
B)  The heart slows until it almost stops, then speeds up. 
C)  The heart slows, stops, and then begins to beat again. 
D)  The heart stops beating, and the frog dies.

Question 19

The shunt between arteriole and venule in a capillary bed is called .

Accepted Answer

A)  the pre-venule channel 
B)  the metarteriole-thoroughfare channel 
C)  the terminal arteriole 
D)  the precapillary thoroughfare 
A)  the pre-venule channel 
B)  the metarteriole-thoroughfare channel 
C)  the terminal arteriole 
D)  the precapillary thoroughfare

Question 20

Which of the blood vessels associated with the capillary bed responds to changes in temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterioles and venules respond equally, the capillaries show no response. 
B)  The arterioles show the greatest response. 
C)  The venules show the greatest response. 
D)  All of the vessels respond equally. 
A)  Arterioles and venules respond equally, the capillaries show no response. 
B)  The arterioles show the greatest response. 
C)  The venules show the greatest response. 
D)  All of the vessels respond equally.

Exam 34: Frog Cardiovascular Physiology

A pacemaker that appears unexpectedly at an abnormal site in the heart muscle is called a(n) _.

During the vagal stimulation experiment, the resumption of the heart beat is called .

Which of the following is likely to occur as a result of bathing the heart with K+, Na+, or Ca2+?

In investigating the microcirculation of the frog foot, you note the following about blood flow: .

Which of the following chemicals causes vasodilation and increased capillary blood flow?

Skeletal muscle can be tetanized; can heart muscle also be tetanized? Why or why not?

Atropine sulfate when applied to the frog heart will _ .

Tightening of the Stannius ligature between the atria and the ventricle can induce a complete heart block in a frog heart. During a complete heart block, _ .

The heart muscle is said to have automaticity, which means that .

Below are several structures from the frog heart. Select the correct sequence that lists the structures from the one with the highest rate of contraction, to the one with the lowest rate of contraction.

Your observations of cooling and warming the beating frog heart include which of the following?

The frog heart has .

Although the heart beats without nervous innervation, can modify the heart rate.

During total heart block in the frog, .

You have dissected the heart and gastrocnemius muscle from a frog. You observe that .

Given that impulses from parasympathetic nerves decrease heart rate, and that the neurotransmitter for parasympathetic postganglionic fibers is acetylcholine (ACh), predict how the following chemicals might affect heart rate.

You have observed an extrasystole in your recording of frog heart contractile activity. Where did it occur?

During vagal stimulation of the frog heart, you observe which of the following?

The shunt between arteriole and venule in a capillary bed is called .

Which of the blood vessels associated with the capillary bed responds to changes in temperature?

The Language of Anatomy

Organ Systems Overview

The Microscope

The Cell: Anatomy and Division

The Cell: Transport Mechanisms and Cell Permeability

Classification of Tissues

The Integumentary System

Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations and Body Movements

Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle

Gross Anatomy of Muscular System

Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Frogs and Human Subjects

Histology of Nervous Tissue

Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Frog Subjects

Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves

Electroencephalography

The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Human Reflex Physiology

General Sensation

Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System

Special Senses: Visual Tests and Experiments

Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium

Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste

Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands

Endocrine Wet Labs and Human Metabolism

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Conduction System of the Heart and Electrocardiography

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

Human Cardiovascular Physiology: Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations

The Lymphatic System and Immune Response

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Respiratory System Physiology

Anatomy of the Digestive System

Digestive System Processes: Chemical and Physical

Anatomy of the Urinary System

Urinalysis

Anatomy of the Reproductive System

Physiology of Reproduction: Gametogenesis and the Female Cycles

Survey of Embryonic Development

Principles of Heredity

Surface Anatomy Roundup

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