Question 1

Which of the following is responsible for the Starling effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympathetic nerve firing 
B)  Vagal discharge 
C)  Activation of the beta1-adrenergic receptors 
D)  End-diastolic volume (EDV) or preload 
A)  Sympathetic nerve firing 
B)  Vagal discharge 
C)  Activation of the beta1-adrenergic receptors 
D)  End-diastolic volume (EDV) or preload

Question 2

Which of the following is approximately 70 mL?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cardiac output 
B)  The volume of a ventricle 
C)  An average stroke volume 
D)  The amount of blood that flows through the pulmonary capillaries in one minute 
A)  The cardiac output 
B)  The volume of a ventricle 
C)  An average stroke volume 
D)  The amount of blood that flows through the pulmonary capillaries in one minute

Question 3

Which of the following elicits the same effect as vagomimetic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beta1 blockade 
B)  Activation of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors by ACh 
C)  Activation of the muscarinic receptors by NE 
D)  Use of a muscarinic agonist 
A)  Beta1 blockade 
B)  Activation of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors by ACh 
C)  Activation of the muscarinic receptors by NE 
D)  Use of a muscarinic agonist

Question 4

Milliliters per minute describes

Accepted Answer

A)  stroke volume. 
B)  heart rate. 
C)  pulse. 
D)  cardiac output. 
A)  stroke volume. 
B)  heart rate. 
C)  pulse. 
D)  cardiac output.

Question 5

Which of the following is most apt to cause a (+)inotropic effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors by ACh 
B)  Activation of the muscarinic receptors by NE 
C)  Blockade of alpha1-adrenergic receptors 
D)  Use of a beta1-adrenergic agonist 
A)  Activation of the alpha1-adrenergic receptors by ACh 
B)  Activation of the muscarinic receptors by NE 
C)  Blockade of alpha1-adrenergic receptors 
D)  Use of a beta1-adrenergic agonist

Question 6

Cor pulmonale refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. 
B)  backward failure and pulmonary edema. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  a major cause of left ventricular failure. 
A)  elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. 
B)  backward failure and pulmonary edema. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  a major cause of left ventricular failure.

Question 7

Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle,thereby

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating the vagus nerve. 
B)  increasing stroke volume. 
C)  closing the atrioventricular valves. 
D)  increasing coronary blood flow. 
A)  stimulating the vagus nerve. 
B)  increasing stroke volume. 
C)  closing the atrioventricular valves. 
D)  increasing coronary blood flow.

Question 8

A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta₁-adrenergic agonist.The drug

Accepted Answer

A)  blocks the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (-) chronotropic and (-) inotropic effect. 
B)  activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes bronchoconstriction. 
C)  activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect. 
D)  activates the vagus nerve, thereby slowing heart rate and strengthening myocardial contraction. 
A)  blocks the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (-) chronotropic and (-) inotropic effect. 
B)  activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes bronchoconstriction. 
C)  activates the beta1-adrenergic receptors and causes a (+) inotropic effect. 
D)  activates the vagus nerve, thereby slowing heart rate and strengthening myocardial contraction.

Question 9

Systole and diastole describe the function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  pericardium. 
B)  SA node. 
C)  myocardium. 
D)  mediastinum. 
A)  pericardium. 
B)  SA node. 
C)  myocardium. 
D)  mediastinum.

Question 10

Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

A)  increases myocardial contractile force. 
B)  causes a (+) chronotropic effect. 
C)  increases cardiac output. 
D)  slows heart rate. 
A)  increases myocardial contractile force. 
B)  causes a (+) chronotropic effect. 
C)  increases cardiac output. 
D)  slows heart rate.

Question 11

Starling's law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with

Accepted Answer

A)  heart rate. 
B)  preload. 
C)  end-systolic volume. 
D)  blood pressure. 
A)  heart rate. 
B)  preload. 
C)  end-systolic volume. 
D)  blood pressure.

Question 12

With which term is preload synonymous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac reserve 
B)  End-diastolic volume 
C)  Afterload 
D)  Ejection fraction 
A)  Cardiac reserve 
B)  End-diastolic volume 
C)  Afterload 
D)  Ejection fraction

Question 13

Cardiac output

Accepted Answer

A)  is determined by heart rate and pulse. 
B)  decreases in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. 
C)  increases in response to vagal discharge. 
D)  is determined by heart rate and stroke volume. 
A)  is determined by heart rate and pulse. 
B)  decreases in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. 
C)  increases in response to vagal discharge. 
D)  is determined by heart rate and stroke volume.

Question 14

An increased preload

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases cardiac output. 
B)  increases stroke volume. 
C)  increases cardiac reserve. 
D)  increases afterload. 
A)  decreases cardiac output. 
B)  increases stroke volume. 
C)  increases cardiac reserve. 
D)  increases afterload.

Question 15

Which term refers to a heart rate less than 60 beats/min?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradycardia 
B)  Heart block 
C)  Fight-or-flight response 
D)  Tachycardia 
A)  Bradycardia 
B)  Heart block 
C)  Fight-or-flight response 
D)  Tachycardia

Question 16

Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium

Accepted Answer

A)  causes a (+) inotropic effect. 
B)  decreases cardiac output. 
C)  decreases heart rate. 
D)  decreases stroke volume. 
A)  causes a (+) inotropic effect. 
B)  decreases cardiac output. 
C)  decreases heart rate. 
D)  decreases stroke volume.

Question 17

Which of the following is the same as end-diastolic volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stroke volume 
B)  Cardiac output 
C)  Preload 
D)  Cardiac reserve 
A)  Stroke volume 
B)  Cardiac output 
C)  Preload 
D)  Cardiac reserve

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of beta1-adrenergic receptors 
B)  Vagal discharge 
C)  Blockade of beta1-adrenergic receptors 
D)  Activation of the muscarinic receptors 
A)  Activation of beta1-adrenergic receptors 
B)  Vagal discharge 
C)  Blockade of beta1-adrenergic receptors 
D)  Activation of the muscarinic receptors

Question 19

Increased afterload (e.g.,hypertension)

Accepted Answer

A)  is usually caused by arteriolar dilation. 
B)  increases the work of the heart. 
C)  can only occur when preload increases. 
D)  is usually caused by intense parasympathetic (vagal) discharge. 
A)  is usually caused by arteriolar dilation. 
B)  increases the work of the heart. 
C)  can only occur when preload increases. 
D)  is usually caused by intense parasympathetic (vagal) discharge.

Question 20

During atrial systole,the

Accepted Answer

A)  AV valves are closed. 
B)  ventricles are relaxed. 
C)  ventricles are in systole. 
D)  semilunar valves are open. 
A)  AV valves are closed. 
B)  ventricles are relaxed. 
C)  ventricles are in systole. 
D)  semilunar valves are open.

Exam 17: Function of the Heart

Which of the following is responsible for the Starling effect?

Which of the following is approximately 70 mL?

Which of the following elicits the same effect as vagomimetic activity?

Milliliters per minute describes

Which of the following is most apt to cause a (+)inotropic effect?

Cor pulmonale refers to

Increased return of blood to the heart stretches the heart muscle,thereby

A patient in heart failure is given a drug that is classified as a beta₁-adrenergic agonist.The drug

Systole and diastole describe the function of the

Activation of the muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine

Starling's law of the heart relates force of myocardial contraction with

With which term is preload synonymous?

Cardiac output

An increased preload

Which term refers to a heart rate less than 60 beats/min?

Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium

Which of the following is the same as end-diastolic volume?

Which of the following is most likely to increase ejection fraction?

Increased afterload (e.g.,hypertension)

During atrial systole,the

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