Exam 19: Investment Decisions: NPV and IRR

While net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) analysis both may be used as investment decision criteria, there are some limitations to the IRR method that make its use as an investment criterion problematic in certain situations. All of the following are limitations of the IRR method EXCEPT:

The use of financial leverage in purchasing an income-producing property can affect the amount of cash required at acquisition, the net cash flows from rental operations, the net cash flows from the eventual sale of the property, and the ultimate return on invested equity. Assuming the going-in IRR is greater than the effective borrowing cost, if an investor increases his leverage rate, say from 75% to 80%, we would expect which of the following to occur?

Given the following information regarding an income producing property, determine the internal rate of return (IRR) using levered cash flows. Expected Holding Period: 5 years; 1ˢᵗ year Expected NOI: $89,100; 2ⁿᵈ year Expected NOI: $91,773; 3ʳᵈ year Expected NOI: $94,526; 4ᵗʰ year Expected NOI: $97,362; 5ᵗʰ year Expected NOI: $100,283; Debt Service in each of the next five years: $58,444; Current Market Value: $885,000; Required equity investment: $221,250; Net Sale Proceeds of Property at end of year 5: $974,700; Remaining Mortgage Balance at end of year 5: $631,026.

Given the following information regarding an income producing property, determine the NPV using levered cash flows in your analysis. Required equity investment: $270,000; Expected NOI for each of the next five years: $150,000; Debt Service for each of the next five years: $125,000; Expected Holding Period: 5 years; Required yield on levered cash flows: 15%; Expected Sale Price at end of Year 5: $2,000,000; Expected Cost of Sale: $125,000; Expected Mortgage Balance at time of sale: $1,500,000

Based on your understanding of the differences between levered and unlevered cash flows, which of the following is an example of a levered cash flow?

A client has requested advice on a potential investment opportunity involving an income producing property. She would like you to determine the internal rate of return of the investment opportunity based on the following information. Expected Holding Period: 5 years; End of first year NOI estimate: $113,900; NOI estimates in subsequent years will grow by 5% per year; Price at which the property is expected to be sold at the end of year 5: $1,615,205.22; Current market price of the property: $1,475,667.71.

An important piece of criteria for investors to consider when deciding between real estate investment opportunities and investing in stocks or bonds is the effect of income taxes on their return. For most investors, the effective tax rate on commercial real estate is:

Given the following expected cash flow stream, determine the NPV of the investment opportunity. Investment Horizon: 3 years; End of first year NOI estimate: $886,464; End of second year NOI estimate: $913,058; End of third year NOI estimate: $940,450; Price at which the property is expected to be sold at the end of year 3: $5,000,000; Current market price of the property: $6,200,000; Discount rate: 9%.

Many investors use mortgage debt to help finance capital investment for income-producing real estate. In doing so, the owner will receive income as long as the property produces enough income to cover all operating and capital expenditures, the mortgage payment, and all state and federal income taxes. Therefore, the owner's claim is commonly referred to as a:

In discounted cash flow analysis, the industry standard for pro forma cash flow projections of investment properties is typically:

Given the following information, calculate the estimated terminal value of the property at the end of its holding period. Going-out cap rate: 9%, Estimated holding period: 5 years, NOI for year 5: $100,500, NOI for year 6: $102,000.

Given the following information, calculate the before-tax equity reversion (BTER). NOI: $89,100, Annual Debt Service: $58,444, Net Sale Proceeds: $974,700, Remaining Mortgage Balance: $631,026.

In discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, the sale price of the property must be estimated at the end of the expected holding period. The most common method for determining the terminal value of the property is the:

Suppose an industrial building can be purchased for $2,500,000 and is expected to yield cash flows of $180,000 each of the next five years (Note: assume payments are made at end of year). If the building can be sold at the end of the fifth year for $2,800,000, calculate the IRR for this investment over the five year holding period.

It is common for investors in real estate to use mortgage debt to help finance capital investment. The use of debt can have a profound impact on the expected cash flows for a particular property. Which of the following terms refers to cash flows that represent the property's income after subtracting any payments due to the lender?

Just as it is important for an investor to consider the impact of financial leverage on her return, it is also necessary to account for the effect of income taxes. How would the presence of income taxes impact the levered going-in IRR?

Suppose you purchased an income producing property for $95,000 five years ago. In Year 1, you were able to negotiate a lease that paid $10,000 per year at the end of each year. If you are able to sell the property at the end of year 5 for $100,000 (after receiving our final lease payment), what was the internal rate of return (IRR) on this investment?

Given the following information regarding an income producing property, determine the unlevered internal rate of return (IRR). Expected Holding Period: 5 years; 1ˢᵗ year Expected NOI: $89,100; 2ⁿᵈ year Expected NOI: $91,773; 3ʳᵈ year Expected NOI: $94,526; 4ᵗʰ year Expected NOI: $97,362; 5ᵗʰ year Expected NOI: $100,283; Debt Service in each of the next five years: $58,444; Current Market Value: $885,000; Required equity investment: $221,250; Net Sale Proceeds of Property at end of year 5: $974,700; Remaining Mortgage Balance at end of year 5: $631,026.

Given the following expected cash flow stream, determine the IRR of the proposed investment in an income producing property and determine whether or not the investment should be pursued using IRR as your decision making criteria. Investment Horizon: 5 years; Expected Yearly Cash Flow in each of the next five years: $127,628. Expected Sale Price at end of 5 years: $1,595,350; Required return on equity: 5%; Current Market Price of Property: $1,750,000

While the general concepts of investment value and market value are very similar, there is an important distinction between the two. All of the following statements regarding investment value are true EXCEPT: