Chat with AIExam 3: Theories of Criminality and Crime
Discuss the five dimensions of criminal opportunity and their effect on criminal behavior as outlined in the theory of situational crime prevention.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe theory of situational crime prevention outlines five dimensions of criminal opportunity and their effect on criminal behavior. These dimensions are: target attractiveness, target accessibility, target value, target location, and target time.
1. Target attractiveness: This dimension refers to the appeal of the potential target to the offender. A highly attractive target, such as a valuable item or a vulnerable person, is more likely to be targeted by a criminal. Situational crime prevention strategies aim to reduce the attractiveness of potential targets by making them less appealing to offenders.
2. Target accessibility: This dimension refers to the ease with which a potential target can be accessed by a criminal. A target that is easily accessible, such as a poorly secured building or an unattended item, is more likely to be targeted. Situational crime prevention strategies focus on increasing the effort required for offenders to access potential targets, thereby reducing their accessibility.
3. Target value: This dimension refers to the perceived worth of the potential target to the offender. A target with high value, such as expensive property or valuable information, is more likely to be targeted. Situational crime prevention strategies aim to reduce the perceived value of potential targets by implementing measures to devalue or protect them.
4. Target location: This dimension refers to the specific place where the potential target is located. Certain locations, such as secluded areas or high-crime neighborhoods, may increase the likelihood of criminal activity. Situational crime prevention strategies focus on altering the physical or social environment of target locations to make them less conducive to criminal behavior.
5. Target time: This dimension refers to the specific time when the potential target is available for criminal activity. Certain times, such as late at night or during periods of low surveillance, may increase the risk of criminal behavior. Situational crime prevention strategies aim to manipulate the timing of potential targets to reduce the opportunity for criminal activity.
Overall, the theory of situational crime prevention emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing the specific dimensions of criminal opportunity in order to effectively prevent criminal behavior. By targeting these dimensions through various situational crime prevention strategies, it is possible to reduce the opportunities for crime and ultimately decrease the likelihood of criminal behavior.
______ theorists links capitalism to crime.
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VerifiedC
What did early social conflict theorists believe was the root of criminal behavior and deviance?
(37) VerifiedD
Probation and parole rules that prohibit offenders from having contact with other offenders would have what kind of linkage to learning theories?
(27) Labeling theory claims that when social rules are overly structured and strict, people will feel frustration and act out in criminal ways.
(36) According to theorists in the classical school of criminology, what purpose does punishment serve?
(27) According to routine activities theory, what three elements must converge in time and space in order for a crime to occur?
(32) A law enforcement agency monitors daily user activity on certain websites to predict which users will be most likely to commit internet fraud.The ______ theory explains why law enforcement may choose this method of deterring criminal activity.
(31) According to one study, which of the following crimes in most symbolic of contemporary urban violence?
(36) Theorists from which school sought to determine basic causes of crime, had strong faith in scientific experts, and believed in rehabilitating offenders rather than punishing them?
(33) In which criminology theory would law enforcement focus on making crime less attractive to potential offenders?
(39) One of the principles of classical criminology is that the criminal justice system should be predictable-the citizens know the laws and their punishments.
(36) Which refers to the presence of both natural and nurture criminogenic factors as a contributing factor to criminal behavior?
(31) Reginald had to call in sick to work for many weeks due to a severe case of the flu.He has been chronically unemployed, so he becomes worried about losing his job and fears he will not be able to support himself.To begin saving money in case he does lose his job, Reginald begins to sell illegal copies of software he owns to other users online.Which theory of crime does this exemplify?
(37) Social bond theory proposes that criminal behavior can be deterred when people have strong bonds with ______.
(30) Burglars are motivated primarily by money in order to maintain their "high-living" lifestyle.
(34) Control theorists argue that external pressures and the values of others mean nothing to those intent on engaging in criminal behavior.
(36) Which of the following did Robert Merton argue might cause normlessness?
(29) During a discussion of causes of crime, Carmen notes that those who are more affluent control criminal legislation.Such control causes less powerful groups, such as ethnic and social minorities, to be apprehended and punished at higher rates than those who are members of the affluent group.With which theory does Carmen's opinion most align?
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