Exam 8: Goal Setting and Goal Striving

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Which of the following is a good example of an effective implementation intention?

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C

A goal is:

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D

Goal setting has its advantages, but it also has its fair share of limitations and criticisms. Summarize the concerns about and criticisms of goal setting as a motivational strategy.

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Goal setting as a motivational strategy has its advantages, such as providing direction, focus, and motivation for individuals and teams. However, it also has its limitations and criticisms. One concern is that overly ambitious or unrealistic goals can lead to stress, burnout, and unethical behavior as individuals may feel pressured to achieve them at any cost. Additionally, a narrow focus on specific goals may lead to a lack of flexibility and adaptability in the face of changing circumstances. Critics also argue that goal setting can lead to a short-term mindset, where individuals prioritize achieving immediate goals over long-term growth and development. Furthermore, some argue that goal setting can create a competitive rather than collaborative environment, as individuals may prioritize their own goals over the success of the team. Overall, while goal setting can be a useful motivational tool, it is important to consider these criticisms and limitations in order to use it effectively.

The cognitive mechanism by which plans energize and direct behavior is the:

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_________revolve(s) around a flexible decision-making process in which the individual considers many different ways to reduce incongruities between a present state and an ideal state.

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Without ____, goals can be emotionally unimportant and uninvolving.

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Use the two terms present state and ideal state to outline how plans motivate behavior.

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Goal disengagement is:

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A ___is a future-focused cognitive representation of a desired end state that guides behavior.

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Difficult, specific, and concordant goals enhance performance in ways that easy, vague, and non-concordant goals do not.Identify the four goal mechanisms that explain why difficult, specific, and concordant goals enhance performance.(Perhaps use the example of these four goal mechanisms with the student's goal of "read 100 pages".)

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___refer to how clearly a goal informs the performer precisely what he or she is to do.

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_create a type of close-mindedness that narrows one's focus of attention to include goal-directed action but to exclude distractions and interruptions.

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When the person pursues a goal that is wholeheartedly accepted, embraced, and owned by the self vs.forced to pursue an uninteresting or not-valued goal is an issue of:

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Which of the following statements best reflects an effective implementation intention?

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Diagram a TOTE unit and describe how it models and explains plan-motivated behavior.

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Goal setting has its advantages, but it also has been criticized. Which of the following is not a valid criticism of goal-setting theory?

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Outline the basic assumptions of the cognitive perspective on motivation by discussing how mental events can serve as a "spring to action" that energizes and directs action.

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____is a "messy construct" that functions as an umbrella construct to unite together beliefs, expectations, goals, plans, mindsets, values, and self-concept.

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Outline a full goal-setting program-that is, outline how goal setting and goal striving work together to help people accomplish the goals they wish to accomplish.

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People with specific goals outperform people with vague goals. This is because specific goals:

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