Question 1

A ___theory of motivation focuses on mental processes as "springs to action" that energize and direct behavior in purposive ways.

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) cognitive 
C) personality 
D) social 
A) biological 
B) cognitive 
C) personality 
D) social

Question 2

Differentiate the motivational and performance-based advantages versus disadvantages
for performers who adopt a short-term goal (e.g., eat less than 2000 calories today) versus performers who adopt a long-term goal (e.g.,.lose 20 pounds this year) and offer a recommendation as to whether performers should adopt a short-term or a long-term goal.Explain/justify your recommendation.

Accepted Answer

The motivational advantages of adopting

Question 3

Many people with long-term goals, such as becoming a doctor, eventually abandon their long-term goal pursuit.The essential motivational problem with long-term goals is that they:

Accepted Answer

A) are incompatible with implementation intentions, which are crucial for goal attainment over a long period of time. 
B) focus the performer on what to do rather than on when to do it. 
C) ignore the importance of key factors of performance such as coaching and training. 
D) provide insufficient opportunity for performance feedback and positive reinforcement. 
A) are incompatible with implementation intentions, which are crucial for goal attainment over a long period of time. 
B) focus the performer on what to do rather than on when to do it. 
C) ignore the importance of key factors of performance such as coaching and training. 
D) provide insufficient opportunity for performance feedback and positive reinforcement.

Question 4

Specific, difficult, and concordant goals enhance performance, but an additional variable that is crucial to allow goals to translate into effective performance is:

Accepted Answer

A) concrete intentions. 
B) extrinsic motivation. 
C) feedback. 
D) internal attributions for success. 
A) concrete intentions. 
B) extrinsic motivation. 
C) feedback. 
D) internal attributions for success.

Question 5

People who write down when and where they will carry out their goal-striving behavior are more likely to actually attain their goals than people who set the same goal but do not write down how they will do it. The motivational construct that explains this effect is:

Accepted Answer

A) the attributional analysis. 
B) the goal. 
C) the implementation intention. 
D) personal striving. 
A) the attributional analysis. 
B) the goal. 
C) the implementation intention. 
D) personal striving.

Question 6

People with difficult goals outperform people with easy goals. This is so because people with difficult goals show greater:

Accepted Answer

A) effort and persistence. 
B) interest, intrinsic motivation, and implementation intentions. 
C) mental simulations of successful outcomes. 
D) on-task attention and strategic planning. 
A) effort and persistence. 
B) interest, intrinsic motivation, and implementation intentions. 
C) mental simulations of successful outcomes. 
D) on-task attention and strategic planning.

Question 7

Corrective motivation is an improvement over the concept of a plan because it:

Accepted Answer

A) mimics a computer simulation of persistence. 
B) emphasizes that behavior can and does change over time. 
C) emphasizes that difficult-to-accomplish plans energize greater motivation than easy-to-accomplish plans. 
D) emphasizes that plans, like behaviors, are modifiable and can change in response to circumstances. 
A) mimics a computer simulation of persistence. 
B) emphasizes that behavior can and does change over time. 
C) emphasizes that difficult-to-accomplish plans energize greater motivation than easy-to-accomplish plans. 
D) emphasizes that plans, like behaviors, are modifiable and can change in response to circumstances.

Question 8

Explain what is meant by the statement that implementation intentions create a type of
close-mindedness that narrows one's attention toward goal-directed action and away from
distractions and interruptions.

Accepted Answer

The statement that implementation intent

Question 9

Explain why self-concordant goals energize and direct goal-directed behavior better than
do non-self-concordant goals by providing both an example and an explanation of why
self-concordant goals energize and direct action.

Accepted Answer

Self-concordant goals are goals that ali

Question 10

Discuss the difference between the two types of goal-performance discrepancies: discrepancy reduction and discrepancy creation.

Accepted Answer

Discrepancy reduction and discrepancy cr

Question 11

Implementation intentions:

Accepted Answer

A) are part of an "if-then" plan that specifies in advance the goal-striving process. 
B) generate a mixture between approach and avoidance motivation. 
C) support self-theories of motivation. 
D) work to generate motivation because they ensure that distractions won't occur. 
A) are part of an "if-then" plan that specifies in advance the goal-striving process. 
B) generate a mixture between approach and avoidance motivation. 
C) support self-theories of motivation. 
D) work to generate motivation because they ensure that distractions won't occur.

Question 12

Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting pursuits because they:

Accepted Answer

A) buffer performers against falling prey to volitional problems. 
B) create energy and direction for behavior that plans and goals cannot generate. 
C) promote performance-approach goals and minimize performance-avoidance goals. 
D) reduce the debilitating aspects of performance-approach goals. 
A) buffer performers against falling prey to volitional problems. 
B) create energy and direction for behavior that plans and goals cannot generate. 
C) promote performance-approach goals and minimize performance-avoidance goals. 
D) reduce the debilitating aspects of performance-approach goals.

Question 13

As one strives to attain a goal, taking the time necessary to plan how, when, where, and for how long one will carry out goal-directed behavior:

Accepted Answer

A) is critical if one is to adopt a mastery goal and to avoid a performance-avoidance goal. 
B) represents an integral part of the goal-acceptance process. 
C) represents the power of positive thinking, as represented by the advice to "visualize success." 
D) represents the setting of implementation intentions. 
A) is critical if one is to adopt a mastery goal and to avoid a performance-avoidance goal. 
B) represents an integral part of the goal-acceptance process. 
C) represents the power of positive thinking, as represented by the advice to "visualize success." 
D) represents the setting of implementation intentions.

Question 14

Empirical research on the relationship between goal-setting and intrinsic motivation suggests that ___is(are) the key variable that determines whether short-term or long-term goals increase intrinsic motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) goal commitment 
B) goal difficulty 
C) opportunities for challenge 
D) the performer's initial level of interest in the activity 
A) goal commitment 
B) goal difficulty 
C) opportunities for challenge 
D) the performer's initial level of interest in the activity

Question 15

Imagine a person raking a yard full of leaves.The raker wants to remove all of these leaves by the end of the day.Explain how a plan motivates the worker's persistent effort.

Accepted Answer

A plan can motivate the worker's persist

Question 16

Explain why the setting of implementation intentions is such an important part of a
successful goal-setting program.

Accepted Answer

The setting of implementation intentions

Question 17

Which of the following goal disengagement strategies is the only one that typically leads to greater psychological well-being?

Accepted Answer

A) adopt a new, alternative goal 
B) recruit greater social support in one's goal pursuit 
C) set a more difficult goal 
D) try harder 
A) adopt a new, alternative goal 
B) recruit greater social support in one's goal pursuit 
C) set a more difficult goal 
D) try harder

Question 18

The motivational spring to action that results when a person's present state falls short of their hoped-for ideal is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) attribution. 
B) cognitive interruption. 
C) discrepancy. 
D) displacement. 
A) attribution. 
B) cognitive interruption. 
C) discrepancy. 
D) displacement.

Question 19

In experiments testing the effectiveness of implementation intentions, people who
set implementation intentions actually carry out and attain their goals more than
people who do not set implementation intentions. Explain why.

Accepted Answer

Implementation intentions are specific p

Question 20

Which of the following is not a way in which goal-setting improves performance? Goal-setting:

Accepted Answer

A) decreases stress. 
B) directs the individual's attention to the task. 
C) increases persistence. 
D) mobilizes effort. 
A) decreases stress. 
B) directs the individual's attention to the task. 
C) increases persistence. 
D) mobilizes effort.

A ___theory of motivation focuses on mental processes as "springs to action" that energize and direct behavior in purposive ways.

Many people with long-term goals, such as becoming a doctor, eventually abandon their long-term goal pursuit.The essential motivational problem with long-term goals is that they:

Specific, difficult, and concordant goals enhance performance, but an additional variable that is crucial to allow goals to translate into effective performance is:

People who write down when and where they will carry out their goal-striving behavior are more likely to actually attain their goals than people who set the same goal but do not write down how they will do it. The motivational construct that explains this effect is:

People with difficult goals outperform people with easy goals. This is so because people with difficult goals show greater:

Corrective motivation is an improvement over the concept of a plan because it:

Explain what is meant by the statement that implementation intentions create a type of close-mindedness that narrows one's attention toward goal-directed action and away from distractions and interruptions.

Explain why self-concordant goals energize and direct goal-directed behavior better than do non-self-concordant goals by providing both an example and an explanation of why self-concordant goals energize and direct action.

Discuss the difference between the two types of goal-performance discrepancies: discrepancy reduction and discrepancy creation.

Implementation intentions:

Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting pursuits because they:

As one strives to attain a goal, taking the time necessary to plan how, when, where, and for how long one will carry out goal-directed behavior:

Empirical research on the relationship between goal-setting and intrinsic motivation suggests that ___is(are) the key variable that determines whether short-term or long-term goals increase intrinsic motivation.

Imagine a person raking a yard full of leaves.The raker wants to remove all of these leaves by the end of the day.Explain how a plan motivates the worker's persistent effort.

Explain why the setting of implementation intentions is such an important part of a successful goal-setting program.

Which of the following goal disengagement strategies is the only one that typically leads to greater psychological well-being?

The motivational spring to action that results when a person's present state falls short of their hoped-for ideal is referred to as a(n):

In experiments testing the effectiveness of implementation intentions, people who set implementation intentions actually carry out and attain their goals more than people who do not set implementation intentions. Explain why.

Which of the following is not a way in which goal-setting improves performance? Goal-setting:

Introduction

Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective

The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Physiological Needs

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

Psychological Needs

Implicit Motives

Mindsets

Personal Control Beliefs

The Self and Its Strivings

Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

Aspects of Emotion

Individual Emotions

Growth Motivation and Positive Psychology

Unconscious Motivation

Interventions

Filters

Exam 8: Goal Setting and Goal Striving

A ___theory of motivation focuses on mental processes as "springs to action" that energize and direct behavior in purposive ways.

Many people with long-term goals, such as becoming a doctor, eventually abandon their long-term goal pursuit.The essential motivational problem with long-term goals is that they:

Specific, difficult, and concordant goals enhance performance, but an additional variable that is crucial to allow goals to translate into effective performance is:

People who write down when and where they will carry out their goal-striving behavior are more likely to actually attain their goals than people who set the same goal but do not write down how they will do it. The motivational construct that explains this effect is:

People with difficult goals outperform people with easy goals. This is so because people with difficult goals show greater:

Corrective motivation is an improvement over the concept of a plan because it:

Explain what is meant by the statement that implementation intentions create a type of close-mindedness that narrows one's attention toward goal-directed action and away from distractions and interruptions.

Explain why self-concordant goals energize and direct goal-directed behavior better than do non-self-concordant goals by providing both an example and an explanation of why self-concordant goals energize and direct action.

Discuss the difference between the two types of goal-performance discrepancies: discrepancy reduction and discrepancy creation.

Implementation intentions:

Implementation intentions are effective in goal-setting pursuits because they:

As one strives to attain a goal, taking the time necessary to plan how, when, where, and for how long one will carry out goal-directed behavior:

Empirical research on the relationship between goal-setting and intrinsic motivation suggests that ___is(are) the key variable that determines whether short-term or long-term goals increase intrinsic motivation.

Imagine a person raking a yard full of leaves.The raker wants to remove all of these leaves by the end of the day.Explain how a plan motivates the worker's persistent effort.

Explain why the setting of implementation intentions is such an important part of a successful goal-setting program.

Which of the following goal disengagement strategies is the only one that typically leads to greater psychological well-being?

The motivational spring to action that results when a person's present state falls short of their hoped-for ideal is referred to as a(n):

In experiments testing the effectiveness of implementation intentions, people who set implementation intentions actually carry out and attain their goals more than people who do not set implementation intentions. Explain why.

Which of the following is not a way in which goal-setting improves performance? Goal-setting:

Introduction

Motivation and Emotion in Historical Perspective

The Motivated and Emotional Brain

Physiological Needs

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

Psychological Needs

Implicit Motives

Mindsets

Personal Control Beliefs

The Self and Its Strivings

Nature of Emotion: Six Perennial Questions

Aspects of Emotion

Individual Emotions

Growth Motivation and Positive Psychology

Unconscious Motivation

Interventions

Filters