Question 1

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It includes species richness. 
B)  It includes species age distribution. 
C)  It is influenced by the relative abundance of species. 
D)  It is influenced by the distribution of the different species. 
E)  It is not impacted by species richness. 
A)  It includes species richness. 
B)  It includes species age distribution. 
C)  It is influenced by the relative abundance of species. 
D)  It is influenced by the distribution of the different species. 
E)  It is not impacted by species richness.

Question 2

On average, 90% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an animal's habitiat?

Accepted Answer

A)  a small bird living in the dense shrubs at the base of a tree 
B)  two male lizards fighting over access to a female 
C)  a grasshopper feeding on leaves 
D)  an oystercatcher eating bivalves 
E)  lions and hyenas fighting over access to a zebra carcass 
A)  a small bird living in the dense shrubs at the base of a tree 
B)  two male lizards fighting over access to a female 
C)  a grasshopper feeding on leaves 
D)  an oystercatcher eating bivalves 
E)  lions and hyenas fighting over access to a zebra carcass

Question 4

If there is 2,000 kg of plant material, how much of this biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  20,000 kg 
B)  2,000 kg 
C)  200 kg 
D)  20 kg 
E)  2 kg 
A)  20,000 kg 
B)  2,000 kg 
C)  200 kg 
D)  20 kg 
E)  2 kg

Question 5

Among American warblers, several different species often live in the same spruce trees and eat caterpillars. However, each species reproduces at a slightly different time of year and each species also forages at different areas within the tree canopy. These differences in foraging behaviors and reproduction is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive exclusion. 
B)  character displacement. 
C)  resource partitioning. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  competitive inclusion. 
A)  competitive exclusion. 
B)  character displacement. 
C)  resource partitioning. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  competitive inclusion.

Question 6

A keystone species is

Accepted Answer

A)  the largest species in a community. 
B)  the most numerous species in a community. 
C)  the least numerous species in a community. 
D)  a species on which many other species depend. 
E)  the species that occupies most of the niches within a particular environment. 
A)  the largest species in a community. 
B)  the most numerous species in a community. 
C)  the least numerous species in a community. 
D)  a species on which many other species depend. 
E)  the species that occupies most of the niches within a particular environment.

Question 7

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  organic nutrients. 
B)  species richness and diversity. 
C)  the type of soil. 
D)  the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  inorganic nutrients. 
A)  organic nutrients. 
B)  species richness and diversity. 
C)  the type of soil. 
D)  the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  inorganic nutrients.

Question 8

Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunts and eats a fly. 
D)  The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host. 
E)  Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse. 
A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunts and eats a fly. 
D)  The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host. 
E)  Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.

Question 9

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic; marine 
B)  aquatic; fresh water 
C)  aquatic; coral reefs 
D)  terrestrial; tundra 
E)  terrestrial; rainforest 
A)  aquatic; marine 
B)  aquatic; fresh water 
C)  aquatic; coral reefs 
D)  terrestrial; tundra 
E)  terrestrial; rainforest

Question 10

Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperate deciduous forest and tropical seasonal forest 
B)  taiga and tropical rain forest 
C)  temperate rain forest and shrubland 
D)  grasslands and desert 
E)  temperate deciduous forests and tropical rainforests 
A)  temperate deciduous forest and tropical seasonal forest 
B)  taiga and tropical rain forest 
C)  temperate rain forest and shrubland 
D)  grasslands and desert 
E)  temperate deciduous forests and tropical rainforests

Question 11

Which of the following would be considered an example of competition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunts and eats a fly. 
D)  The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host. 
E)  Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse. 
A)  Some species of crabs decorate their shells with sea anemones and other corals. These "decorations" help camouflage the crab, and the movement of the crab from one area to the next exposes the corals and anemones to different sources of food. 
B)  Some spiders do not build webs, but live in the web of another species. When a prey item is caught in the web, the non-web building spider will sneak in and steal the prey. 
C)  A praying mantis hunts and eats a fly. 
D)  The longest tapeworm removed from a human was approximately 11 meters long. Tapeworms do not have a digestive system, but obtain all of their nutrients from the host. 
E)  Pseudoscorpions are small, harmless arachnids. To move from one place to another, they will sometimes latch onto the legs of flies and thus be carried long distances that they would not readily be able to traverse.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass 
B)  60 elk, 6 bald eagles, and 90 white pine trees in a forest 
C)  prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates 
D)  diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish, bass 
E)  100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders 
A)  vultures feeding on the remains of a carcass 
B)  60 elk, 6 bald eagles, and 90 white pine trees in a forest 
C)  prairie chickens at a lake competing for access to mates 
D)  diving beetles, blue gill, lilies, water mites, crayfish, bass 
E)  100 kg of vegetation, 10 kg of grasshoppers, 1 kg of spiders

Question 13

Which of the following is an autotroph?

Accepted Answer

A)  rose bush 
B)  lion 
C)  decomposer 
D)  omnivore 
E)  hyena 
A)  rose bush 
B)  lion 
C)  decomposer 
D)  omnivore 
E)  hyena

Question 14

The greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

A)  will lead to decreased sea levels. 
B)  decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
C)  increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
D)  is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. 
E)  is due to gases forming a barrier around the Earth and insulating the Earth from the sun's rays. 
A)  will lead to decreased sea levels. 
B)  decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
C)  increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. 
D)  is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. 
E)  is due to gases forming a barrier around the Earth and insulating the Earth from the sun's rays.

Question 15

When too many nutrients are added to of a body of water, this is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  a biogeochemical cycle. 
B)  reservoirs. 
C)  eutrophication. 
D)  global warming. 
E)  nitrogen fixing. 
A)  a biogeochemical cycle. 
B)  reservoirs. 
C)  eutrophication. 
D)  global warming. 
E)  nitrogen fixing.

Question 16

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Producers absorb solar energy. 
B)  Producers are eaten by the herbivores. 
C)  Decomposers break down the organic matter and make it available for the producers. 
D)  Top-level carnivores eat the herbivores or omnivores within the ecosystem. 
E)  Producers absorb nutrients from the soil. 
A)  Producers absorb solar energy. 
B)  Producers are eaten by the herbivores. 
C)  Decomposers break down the organic matter and make it available for the producers. 
D)  Top-level carnivores eat the herbivores or omnivores within the ecosystem. 
E)  Producers absorb nutrients from the soil.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the competitive exclusion principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  two different species occupying the same ecological niche 
B)  two species competing for food and territory 
C)  competition of mates between two different species 
D)  two species sharing the same habitat 
E)  one species outcompeting another species in a particular niche 
A)  two different species occupying the same ecological niche 
B)  two species competing for food and territory 
C)  competition of mates between two different species 
D)  two species sharing the same habitat 
E)  one species outcompeting another species in a particular niche

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phosphorus cycle 
B)  the nitrogen cycle 
C)  the carbon cycle 
D)  the atmospheric cycle 
E)  eutrophic cycle 
A)  the phosphorus cycle 
B)  the nitrogen cycle 
C)  the carbon cycle 
D)  the atmospheric cycle 
E)  eutrophic cycle

Question 19

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals 
B)  nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi 
C)  animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms 
D)  angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms 
E)  gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants 
A)  fungi, nonvascular plants, gymnosperms, animals 
B)  nonvascular plants, angiosperm, gymnosperms, fungi 
C)  animals, fungi, nonvascular plants, angiosperms 
D)  angiosperms, nonvascular plants, animals, gymnosperms 
E)  gymnosperms, angiosperms, fungi, nonvascular plants

Question 20

Ecological succession is

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in communities caused by human activities. 
B)  a stable community that forms after a change. 
C)  an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. 
D)  what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted. 
E)  competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species. 
A)  a change in communities caused by human activities. 
B)  a stable community that forms after a change. 
C)  an orderly process of change in the community of organisms. 
D)  what happens to a cultivated field every year that crops are planted. 
E)  competition between opportunistic and equilibrium species.

Exam 31: Communities and Ecosystems

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about species diversity?

On average, 90% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Which of the following is an example of an animal's habitiat?

If there is 2,000 kg of plant material, how much of this biomass will be converted into top carnivore tissue?

A keystone species is

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on

Which of the following would be considered a mutualistic relationship?

Which ecosystem makes up approximately 70% of the Earth's surface?

Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall?

Which of the following would be considered an example of competition?

Which of the following is an example of species richness?

Which of the following is an autotroph?

The greenhouse effect

When too many nutrients are added to of a body of water, this is known as

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Which of the following is an example of the competitive exclusion principle?

Which of the following is an example of a sedimentary cycle?

Which of the following correctly lists the progression of species present during primary or secondary succession?

Ecological succession is

Biology: the Science of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna Biology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Mutations and Genetic Testing

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Evolution on a Large Scale

Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants and Fungi

Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology and Populations

Human Impact on the Biosphere

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