Question 1

When the level of adrenal cortex hormones is low due to hyposecretion, a person develops which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  exophthalmos 
C)  Graves disease 
D)  Addison disease 
E)  diabetes mellitus 
A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  exophthalmos 
C)  Graves disease 
D)  Addison disease 
E)  diabetes mellitus D

Question 2

If an individual's pancreatic islets have been destroyed, the result will be

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome. 
B)  Graves disease. 
C)  type 2 diabetes mellitus. 
D)  Addison disease. 
E)  type 1 diabetes mellitus. 
A)  Cushing syndrome. 
B)  Graves disease. 
C)  type 2 diabetes mellitus. 
D)  Addison disease. 
E)  type 1 diabetes mellitus. E

Question 3

_____ hormones can pass through the plasma membrane of a target cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  Second messenger 
B)  Steroid 
C)  First messenger 
D)  Peptide 
E)  DNA 
A)  Second messenger 
B)  Steroid 
C)  First messenger 
D)  Peptide 
E)  DNA B

Question 4

Degenerating neurons surrounded by clusters of abnormal tissue, especially in the hippocampus and amygdala, accompanied by progressive memory loss is typical of

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer disease. 
B)  Parkinson disease. 
C)  Graves disease. 
D)  Addison disease. 
E)  Cushing syndrome. 
A)  Alzheimer disease. 
B)  Parkinson disease. 
C)  Graves disease. 
D)  Addison disease. 
E)  Cushing syndrome.

Question 5

A spinal nerve contains

Accepted Answer

A)  axons of sensory neurons only. 
B)  myelinated axons only. 
C)  axons of motor neurons only. 
D)  dendrites only. 
E)  both sensory and motor axons. 
A)  axons of sensory neurons only. 
B)  myelinated axons only. 
C)  axons of motor neurons only. 
D)  dendrites only. 
E)  both sensory and motor axons.

Question 6

The hormonal secretion(s) of the _____ serve to increase the body's metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal medulla 
C)  adrenal cortex 
D)  posterior pituitary 
E)  parathyroid glands 
A)  thyroid gland 
B)  adrenal medulla 
C)  adrenal cortex 
D)  posterior pituitary 
E)  parathyroid glands

Question 7

Consuming alcohol increases the need to urinate. This is due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on

Accepted Answer

A)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH). 
D)  epinephrine. 
E)  norepinephrine. 
A)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
B)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH). 
D)  epinephrine. 
E)  norepinephrine.

Question 8

The hormone _____ lowers blood glucose, while the hormone _____ raises blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin; glucagon 
B)  epinephrine; norepinephrine 
C)  cortisol; insulin 
D)  thyroxine; glucagon 
E)  glucagon; insulin 
A)  insulin; glucagon 
B)  epinephrine; norepinephrine 
C)  cortisol; insulin 
D)  thyroxine; glucagon 
E)  glucagon; insulin

Question 9

Which of these is a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP 
B)  ATP 
C)  a peptide hormone 
D)  a steroid hormone 
E)  DNA 
A)  cAMP 
B)  ATP 
C)  a peptide hormone 
D)  a steroid hormone 
E)  DNA

Question 10

Which of these structures is the pons?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 11

Which type of neuron is completely contained within the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neuron 
B)  motor neuron 
C)  autonomic neuron 
D)  interneuron 
E)  sympathetic neuron 
A)  sensory neuron 
B)  motor neuron 
C)  autonomic neuron 
D)  interneuron 
E)  sympathetic neuron

Question 12

Which two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone and cortisol 
B)  acetylcholine and norepinephrine 
C)  luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone 
D)  antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin 
E)  epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A)  aldosterone and cortisol 
B)  acetylcholine and norepinephrine 
C)  luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone 
D)  antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin 
E)  epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following describes how drugs can affect the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drugs can enhance the release of a neurotransmitter. 
B)  Drugs can block the release of a neurotransmitter. 
C)  Drugs can block the receptor for a neurotransmitter. 
D)  Drugs can mimic the actions of a neurotransmitter. 
E)  All of these statements describe how drugs can affect the nervous system. 
A)  Drugs can enhance the release of a neurotransmitter. 
B)  Drugs can block the release of a neurotransmitter. 
C)  Drugs can block the receptor for a neurotransmitter. 
D)  Drugs can mimic the actions of a neurotransmitter. 
E)  All of these statements describe how drugs can affect the nervous system.

Question 14

A patient's pons has been affected by a rapidly growing tumor. Of the choices listed below, which is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of the normal breathing rhythm 
B)  hearing loss 
C)  inability to understand speech 
D)  inability to regulate blood pressure 
E)  inability to experience emotions 
A)  loss of the normal breathing rhythm 
B)  hearing loss 
C)  inability to understand speech 
D)  inability to regulate blood pressure 
E)  inability to experience emotions

Question 15

Which of the following is produced in the hypothalamus and released via the posterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
B)  prolactin (PRL) 
C)  growth hormone (GH) 
D)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
A)  thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
B)  prolactin (PRL) 
C)  growth hormone (GH) 
D)  adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
E)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

Which of these receives sensory input from the eyes, ears, joints, and skeletal muscles about the present position of body parts?

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  thalamus 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  hippocampus 
E)  cerebellum

Question 17

Which hormone helps to maintain your blood glucose level between breakfast and lunch?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D)  thyroxine 
E)  epinephrine 
A)  insulin 
B)  glucagon 
C)  parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
D)  thyroxine 
E)  epinephrine

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates milk letdown?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin (PRL) 
B)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
C)  oxytocin 
D)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
E)  estrogen 
A)  prolactin (PRL) 
B)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
C)  oxytocin 
D)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
E)  estrogen

Question 19

Long, myelinated nerve fibers are called _____ in the PNS and _____ in the CNS.

Accepted Answer

A)  tracts; nuclei 
B)  nerves; ganglia 
C)  ganglia; nuclei 
D)  nerves; tracts 
E)  ganglia; tracts 
A)  tracts; nuclei 
B)  nerves; ganglia 
C)  ganglia; nuclei 
D)  nerves; tracts 
E)  ganglia; tracts

Question 20

The exophthalmos seen in Graves disease results from hypersecretion of the

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland. 
B)  parathyroid glands. 
C)  posterior pituitary. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  thyroid gland. 
B)  parathyroid glands. 
C)  posterior pituitary. 
D)  adrenal cortex. 
E)  pancreas.

Exam 27: The Control Systems

When the level of adrenal cortex hormones is low due to hyposecretion, a person develops which of the following disorders?

If an individual's pancreatic islets have been destroyed, the result will be

_____ hormones can pass through the plasma membrane of a target cell.

Degenerating neurons surrounded by clusters of abnormal tissue, especially in the hippocampus and amygdala, accompanied by progressive memory loss is typical of

A spinal nerve contains

The hormonal secretion(s) of the _____ serve to increase the body's metabolic rate.

Consuming alcohol increases the need to urinate. This is due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on

The hormone _____ lowers blood glucose, while the hormone _____ raises blood glucose.

Which of these is a second messenger?

Which of these structures is the pons?

Which type of neuron is completely contained within the central nervous system?

Which two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Which of the following describes how drugs can affect the nervous system?

A patient's pons has been affected by a rapidly growing tumor. Of the choices listed below, which is the most likely result?

Which of the following is produced in the hypothalamus and released via the posterior pituitary?

Which of these receives sensory input from the eyes, ears, joints, and skeletal muscles about the present position of body parts?

Which hormone helps to maintain your blood glucose level between breakfast and lunch?

Which hormone stimulates milk letdown?

Long, myelinated nerve fibers are called _____ in the PNS and _____ in the CNS.

The exophthalmos seen in Graves disease results from hypersecretion of the

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The hormone _ lowers blood glucose, while the hormone _ raises blood glucose.

Long, myelinated nerve fibers are called _ in the PNS and _ in the CNS.