Question 1

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Shared derived traits

Accepted Answer

A)  are shared only by common ancestors. 
B)  are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. 
C)  are found within members of the outgroup. 
D)  are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup. 
E)  are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. 
A)  are shared only by common ancestors. 
B)  are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. 
C)  are found within members of the outgroup. 
D)  are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup. 
E)  are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. D

Question 3

Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two species occupy different habitats. 
B)  The two species are active during different parts of the day. 
C)  The two species mate during different times of the year. 
D)  The two species have incompatible genitalia. 
E)  The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile. 
A)  The two species occupy different habitats. 
B)  The two species are active during different parts of the day. 
C)  The two species mate during different times of the year. 
D)  The two species have incompatible genitalia. 
E)  The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile. E

Question 4

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the

Accepted Answer

A)  specific epithet. 
B)  genus. 
C)  binomial name. 
D)  family name. 
E)  order name. 
A)  specific epithet. 
B)  genus. 
C)  binomial name. 
D)  family name. 
E)  order name.

Question 5

Homologous structures

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical functions. 
B)  have fully divergent functions. 
C)  are also called analogous structures. 
D)  are only shared by organisms of the same genus. 
E)  are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. 
A)  have identical functions. 
B)  have fully divergent functions. 
C)  are also called analogous structures. 
D)  are only shared by organisms of the same genus. 
E)  are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

Question 6

Which of the following is thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history?

Accepted Answer

A)  plate tectonics 
B)  habitat loss 
C)  meteorite impacts 
D)  continental drift 
E)  All of the above describe factors that have contributed to mass extinctions events. 
A)  plate tectonics 
B)  habitat loss 
C)  meteorite impacts 
D)  continental drift 
E)  All of the above describe factors that have contributed to mass extinctions events.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly shows a possible order of events resulting in allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation - natural selection 
B)  geographic isolation - prezygotic reproductive isolation - genetic drift 
C)  geographic isolation - natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation 
D)  natural selection - postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation 
E)  natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation - postzygotic reproductive isolation 
A)  postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation - natural selection 
B)  geographic isolation - prezygotic reproductive isolation - genetic drift 
C)  geographic isolation - natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation 
D)  natural selection - postzygotic reproductive isolation - geographic isolation 
E)  natural selection - prezygotic reproductive isolation - postzygotic reproductive isolation

Question 8

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatch in the number of chromosomes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  zygote mortality. 
C)  prezygotic isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  hybrid sterility. 
B)  zygote mortality. 
C)  prezygotic isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 9

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The term parsimony implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  the three-domain system is superior to the five-kingdom system of classification. 
B)  molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology. 
C)  the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion. 
D)  smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades. 
E)  shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms. 
A)  the three-domain system is superior to the five-kingdom system of classification. 
B)  molecular data are more accurate in implying evolutionary relationships than homology. 
C)  the fewer assumptions that are made, the more probable the conclusion. 
D)  smaller clades are more accurate than larger clades. 
E)  shared derived traits shared by fewer organisms are more correct than those shared by more organisms.

Question 11

Cladograms show the sequence of evolution of the characters in a clade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A reproductive barrier that prevents interbreeding because the two species mate during different times of the year is called

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid sterility isolation. 
B)  gamete isolation. 
C)  F 2 fitness isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  behavioral isolation. 
A)  hybrid sterility isolation. 
B)  gamete isolation. 
C)  F 2 fitness isolation. 
D)  temporal isolation. 
E)  behavioral isolation.

Question 13

The fossils of a new species of reptile are found in deposits dating to the Permian period. Later, scientists discover that fossils of the reptile species changed somewhat over time and can be found in deposits dating from the Permian period all the way up to the Cretaceous period. The scientists' observations most strongly support which evolutionary model(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  punctuated evolution 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  both allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation 
E)  gradualistic evolution 
A)  allopatric speciation 
B)  punctuated evolution 
C)  adaptive radiation 
D)  both allopatric speciation and adaptive radiation 
E)  gradualistic evolution

Question 14

Which of the following is inconsistent with the punctuated equilibrium model?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a period of no change interrupted by speciation. 
B)  Transitional fossils are less likely to be found. 
C)  It is difficult to determine when speciation occurred. 
D)  It often involves an isolated subpopulation. 
E)  Speciation often occurs rapidly. 
A)  There is a period of no change interrupted by speciation. 
B)  Transitional fossils are less likely to be found. 
C)  It is difficult to determine when speciation occurred. 
D)  It often involves an isolated subpopulation. 
E)  Speciation often occurs rapidly.

Question 15

Geographic isolation is not a factor in sympatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following correctly reflects the division of the history of life on Earth, from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  era - period - epoch 
B)  epoch - period - era 
C)  era - epoch - period 
D)  epoch - era - period 
E)  period - epoch - era 
A)  era - period - epoch 
B)  epoch - period - era 
C)  era - epoch - period 
D)  epoch - era - period 
E)  period - epoch - era

Question 17

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. 
B)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. 
C)  molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. 
D)  molecular evidence and fossil records. 
E)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. 
A)  molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. 
B)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. 
C)  molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. 
D)  molecular evidence and fossil records. 
E)  molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records.

Question 18

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the two most recent ancestors. 
B)  only among the members of the ingroup. 
C)  in both the outgroup and the ingroup. 
D)  in two of the outgroups. 
E)  only in the most distant ancestor. 
A)  only in the two most recent ancestors. 
B)  only among the members of the ingroup. 
C)  in both the outgroup and the ingroup. 
D)  in two of the outgroups. 
E)  only in the most distant ancestor.

Question 19

Use of chemical signals in mate recognition is a type of postzygotic isolating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which event is specific to the Cretaceous mass extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  dramatic environmental change 
B)  shifting wind patterns 
C)  shifting ocean currents 
D)  a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat 
E)  a large meteor impact 
A)  dramatic environmental change 
B)  shifting wind patterns 
C)  shifting ocean currents 
D)  a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat 
E)  a large meteor impact

Exam 16: Evolution on a Large Scale

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

Shared derived traits

Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location?

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the

Homologous structures

Which of the following is thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history?

Which of the following correctly shows a possible order of events resulting in allopatric speciation?

A zygote fails to undergo mitosis because of a mismatch in the number of chromosomes. This is an example of

The ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of different organisms are often compared as a means to classify them because rRNA genes evolve much more slowly than other genes.

The term parsimony implies that

Cladograms show the sequence of evolution of the characters in a clade.

A reproductive barrier that prevents interbreeding because the two species mate during different times of the year is called

Which of the following is inconsistent with the punctuated equilibrium model?

Geographic isolation is not a factor in sympatric speciation.

Which of the following correctly reflects the division of the history of life on Earth, from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found

Use of chemical signals in mate recognition is a type of postzygotic isolating mechanism.

Which event is specific to the Cretaceous mass extinction?

Biology: the Science of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna Biology

Biotechnology and Genomics

Mutations and Genetic Testing

Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

Plants and Fungi

Animals

Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

The Transport Systems

The Maintenance Systems

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Defenses Against Disease

The Control Systems

Sensory Input and Motor Output

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Ecology and Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Human Impact on the Biosphere

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