Question 1

Viroids and prions are alike in that both are infectious

Accepted Answer

A)  cell types. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  molecules. 
D)  DNA. 
E)  RNA. 
A)  cell types. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  molecules. 
D)  DNA. 
E)  RNA.

Question 2

A researcher infects a bacterium with a bacteriophage and notices that the infection does not immediately bring about the destruction of the host cell. Instead, the phage's genetic material is copied whenever the host reproduces. Which viral replication cycle is described here?

Accepted Answer

A)  integration cycle 
B)  lysogenic cycle 
C)  biosynthetic cycle 
D)  lytic cycle 
E)  emergence cycle 
A)  integration cycle 
B)  lysogenic cycle 
C)  biosynthetic cycle 
D)  lytic cycle 
E)  emergence cycle

Question 3

Animal viruses that have an envelope enter cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  injecting their nucleic acid into the cell's cytoplasm. 
B)  fusing with the plasma membrane. 
C)  endocytosis. 
D)  plasmolysis. 
E)  either fusing with the plasma membrane or endocytosis. 
A)  injecting their nucleic acid into the cell's cytoplasm. 
B)  fusing with the plasma membrane. 
C)  endocytosis. 
D)  plasmolysis. 
E)  either fusing with the plasma membrane or endocytosis.

Question 4

Which group of organisms are viroids(not viruses)most likely to parasitize?

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  bacteria 
C)  fish 
D)  fungi 
E)  cattle 
A)  plants 
B)  bacteria 
C)  fish 
D)  fungi 
E)  cattle

Question 5

What is the main structural difference between a virus and a viroid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viroids do not have a capsid covering. 
B)  Viruses do not have a capsid covering. 
C)  Viroids contain DNA, while viruses do not. 
D)  Viruses contain RNA, while viroids do not. 
E)  There is no structural difference between the two. 
A)  Viroids do not have a capsid covering. 
B)  Viruses do not have a capsid covering. 
C)  Viroids contain DNA, while viruses do not. 
D)  Viruses contain RNA, while viroids do not. 
E)  There is no structural difference between the two.

Question 6

African sleeping sickness is caused by a

Accepted Answer

A)  trypanosome. 
B)  sporozoan. 
C)  prion. 
D)  bacterium. 
E)  virus. 
A)  trypanosome. 
B)  sporozoan. 
C)  prion. 
D)  bacterium. 
E)  virus.

Question 7

One group of protozoans which are nonmotile, produce spores, and have disease-causing species is the

Accepted Answer

A)  foraminiferans. 
B)  trypanosomes. 
C)  sporozoans. 
D)  amoeboids. 
E)  radiolarians. 
A)  foraminiferans. 
B)  trypanosomes. 
C)  sporozoans. 
D)  amoeboids. 
E)  radiolarians.

Question 8

A virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because

Accepted Answer

A)  only certain hosts enter the environment inhabited by the virus. 
B)  not every virus contains metabolic machinery which can replace that of the host cell. 
C)  a glycoprotein onthe viralcapsidis a specific match to a receptor on the surface of a compatible host cell. 
D)  a host cell must be malfunctioning, or a virus cannot infect it. 
E)  the genome of the virus must be similar to that of its potential host. 
A)  only certain hosts enter the environment inhabited by the virus. 
B)  not every virus contains metabolic machinery which can replace that of the host cell. 
C)  a glycoprotein onthe viralcapsidis a specific match to a receptor on the surface of a compatible host cell. 
D)  a host cell must be malfunctioning, or a virus cannot infect it. 
E)  the genome of the virus must be similar to that of its potential host.

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic only found in some viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  an inner core of nucleic acid 
B)  a protein capsid 
C)  is an obligate intracellular parasite 
D)  an envelope 
E)  genomes consisting of either DNA or RNA 
A)  an inner core of nucleic acid 
B)  a protein capsid 
C)  is an obligate intracellular parasite 
D)  an envelope 
E)  genomes consisting of either DNA or RNA

Question 10

Which type ofarchaea use a pigment related to the rhodopsin, a pigment found in human eyes, to absorb solar energy and pump chloride ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  methanogens 
B)  halophiles 
C)  thermoacidophiles 
D)  alkaliphiles 
E)  psychrophiles 
A)  methanogens 
B)  halophiles 
C)  thermoacidophiles 
D)  alkaliphiles 
E)  psychrophiles

Question 11

Which of the following is an emerging virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV 
B)  H5N1 
C)  West Nile 
D)  SARS 
E)  All of the above are considered emerging viruses. 
A)  HIV 
B)  H5N1 
C)  West Nile 
D)  SARS 
E)  All of the above are considered emerging viruses.

Question 12

Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria is facilitated by use of a pilus?

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  both transformation and transduction 
E)  translocation 
A)  transformation 
B)  transduction 
C)  conjugation 
D)  both transformation and transduction 
E)  translocation

Question 13

How are the algae traditionally categorized?

Accepted Answer

A)  by the mode of motility 
B)  by their method of sexual reproduction 
C)  by the the color of their pigment 
D)  by the type of habitat in which they are found 
E)  by their mode of feeding 
A)  by the mode of motility 
B)  by their method of sexual reproduction 
C)  by the the color of their pigment 
D)  by the type of habitat in which they are found 
E)  by their mode of feeding

Question 14

Which of the following groups contains the foraminifera?

Accepted Answer

A)  stramenopiles 
B)  apicomplexans 
C)  dinoflagellates 
D)  rhizaria 
E)  ameobozoa 
A)  stramenopiles 
B)  apicomplexans 
C)  dinoflagellates 
D)  rhizaria 
E)  ameobozoa

Question 15

A bacteria's genetic material can include

Accepted Answer

A)  a circular chromosome. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  latent bacteriophage DNA. 
D)  a circular chromosome plus plasmids. 
E)  a circular chromosome, plasmids, and latent bacteriophage DNA. 
A)  a circular chromosome. 
B)  plasmids. 
C)  latent bacteriophage DNA. 
D)  a circular chromosome plus plasmids. 
E)  a circular chromosome, plasmids, and latent bacteriophage DNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Paramecium?

Accepted Answer

A)  a macronucleus produces mRNA and directs metabolic functions 
B)  motile with cilia 
C)  a micronucleus functions in reproduction 
D)  engulfs prey with pseudopods 
E)  chemoheterotrophic 
A)  a macronucleus produces mRNA and directs metabolic functions 
B)  motile with cilia 
C)  a micronucleus functions in reproduction 
D)  engulfs prey with pseudopods 
E)  chemoheterotrophic

Question 17

What evidence supports the idea that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotesthan to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea and eukaryotes initiate transcription in the same fashion. 
B)  Archaea and eukaryotes both have cell walls with peptidoglycan. 
C)  Archaea and eukaryotes share some ribosomal proteins and have similar types of tRNA. 
D)  Archaea and eukaryotes initiate transcription in the same fashion, share some ribosomal proteins, and have similar types of tRNA. 
E)  None of the choices supporta close relationship between eukaryotes and archaea. 
A)  Archaea and eukaryotes initiate transcription in the same fashion. 
B)  Archaea and eukaryotes both have cell walls with peptidoglycan. 
C)  Archaea and eukaryotes share some ribosomal proteins and have similar types of tRNA. 
D)  Archaea and eukaryotes initiate transcription in the same fashion, share some ribosomal proteins, and have similar types of tRNA. 
E)  None of the choices supporta close relationship between eukaryotes and archaea.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding bacterial endospores is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endospores can survive in extremely harsh environments. 
B)  Within an endospore is a copy of the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  An endospore contains a small amount of cytoplasm material. 
D)  Endospores can survive for very long periods of time. 
E)  Endospores are reproductive structures. 
A)  Endospores can survive in extremely harsh environments. 
B)  Within an endospore is a copy of the bacterial chromosome. 
C)  An endospore contains a small amount of cytoplasm material. 
D)  Endospores can survive for very long periods of time. 
E)  Endospores are reproductive structures.

Question 19

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) damages and kills susceptible citrus trees around the world. It can be spread by grafting of infected plants, and by aphids, insects with piercing mouthparts that they use to suck fluid from plants. Which of the following would be ineffective in controlling the spread of CTV?

Accepted Answer

A)  use of insecticides to control the aphids 
B)  destruction of infected plants 
C)  production of transgenic citrus lines using genes from resistant plants 
D)  quarantine of fields with infected plants 
E)  application of antibiotic drugs to citrus plants 
A)  use of insecticides to control the aphids 
B)  destruction of infected plants 
C)  production of transgenic citrus lines using genes from resistant plants 
D)  quarantine of fields with infected plants 
E)  application of antibiotic drugs to citrus plants

Question 20

A viroid is a naked, infectious _____molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  fatty acid 
E)  enzyme 
A)  protein 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  fatty acid 
E)  enzyme

Exam 17: Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

Viroids and prions are alike in that both are infectious

A researcher infects a bacterium with a bacteriophage and notices that the infection does not immediately bring about the destruction of the host cell. Instead, the phage's genetic material is copied whenever the host reproduces. Which viral replication cycle is described here?

Animal viruses that have an envelope enter cells by

Which group of organisms are viroids(not viruses)most likely to parasitize?

What is the main structural difference between a virus and a viroid?

African sleeping sickness is caused by a

One group of protozoans which are nonmotile, produce spores, and have disease-causing species is the

A virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because

Which of the following is a characteristic only found in some viruses?

Which type ofarchaea use a pigment related to the rhodopsin, a pigment found in human eyes, to absorb solar energy and pump chloride ions?

Which of the following is an emerging virus?

Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria is facilitated by use of a pilus?

How are the algae traditionally categorized?

Which of the following groups contains the foraminifera?

A bacteria's genetic material can include

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Paramecium?

What evidence supports the idea that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotesthan to bacteria?

Which of the following statements regarding bacterial endospores is false?

A viroid is a naked, infectious _____molecule.

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