Question 1

Similarity due to convergent evolution is called

Accepted Answer

A)  analogy. 
B)  homology. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  phylogeny. 
E)  cladistics. 
A)  analogy. 
B)  homology. 
C)  taxonomy. 
D)  phylogeny. 
E)  cladistics.

Question 2

A phylogenetic tree

Accepted Answer

A)  indicates common ancestors. 
B)  is based entirely on DNA evidence. 
C)  uses analagous characteristics to determine relationships. 
D)  indicates the geologic time scale for the evolution of a particular species. 
E)  are no longer used in science. 
A)  indicates common ancestors. 
B)  is based entirely on DNA evidence. 
C)  uses analagous characteristics to determine relationships. 
D)  indicates the geologic time scale for the evolution of a particular species. 
E)  are no longer used in science.

Question 3

In the three-domain system of classification

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotes are more similar to the prokaryotes now classified in domain Bacteria than to those now classified in domain Archaea. 
B)  animals and plants are less similar to each other than to the prokaryotes now classified in domain Archaea. 
C)  prokaryotes are classified into two domains, with the organisms in domain Archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in domain Bacteria. 
D)  cladistics alone are used to formulate the new phylogenetic tree of life. 
E)  by the principle of parsimony, it requires fewer assumptions to divide the prokaryotes into two domains than it does to put them in a single domain. 
A)  eukaryotes are more similar to the prokaryotes now classified in domain Bacteria than to those now classified in domain Archaea. 
B)  animals and plants are less similar to each other than to the prokaryotes now classified in domain Archaea. 
C)  prokaryotes are classified into two domains, with the organisms in domain Archaea more similar to eukaryotes than to the prokaryotes in domain Bacteria. 
D)  cladistics alone are used to formulate the new phylogenetic tree of life. 
E)  by the principle of parsimony, it requires fewer assumptions to divide the prokaryotes into two domains than it does to put them in a single domain.

Question 4

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following peroids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic 
B)  Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic 
C)  Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous 
D)  Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian 
E)  Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene 
A)  Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Triassic 
B)  Ordovician, Triassic, and Jurassic 
C)  Triassic, Permian, and Cretaceous 
D)  Triassic, Permian, Cretaceous, Pleistocene, Ordovician, and Devonian 
E)  Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Silurian, Eocene, and Oligocene

Question 5

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  plants 
B)  humans 
C)  birds 
D)  fish 
E)  insects 
A)  plants 
B)  humans 
C)  birds 
D)  fish 
E)  insects

Question 6

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jurassic 
B)  Cretaceous 
C)  Devonian 
D)  Triassic 
E)  Permian 
A)  Jurassic 
B)  Cretaceous 
C)  Devonian 
D)  Triassic 
E)  Permian

Question 7

The gradualistic model of speciation is supported by many transitional forms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Allopatric speciation is compatible with both the gradualistic and punctuated equilibrium models of evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  genus - family - order - class - phylum 
B)  phylum - order - class - family - species 
C)  genus - order - family - class - phylum 
D)  family - order - class - phylum - kingdom 
E)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order 
A)  genus - family - order - class - phylum 
B)  phylum - order - class - family - species 
C)  genus - order - family - class - phylum 
D)  family - order - class - phylum - kingdom 
E)  domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order

Question 10

Members of two different species are never capable of mating.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which geological timescale contains the greatest number of years?

Accepted Answer

A)  eras 
B)  periods 
C)  epochs 
D)  centuries 
E)  decades 
A)  eras 
B)  periods 
C)  epochs 
D)  centuries 
E)  decades

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the shown cladogram and the characters used to derive it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three-chambered heart is the most inclusive character on the cladogram. 
B)  The snake and lizard share a common ancestor that does not have the characters internal fertilization or amniotic membrane in egg. 
C)  The character notochord in embryo is not shared by the common ancestor to all of the organisms on the cladogram. 
D)  The two organisms furthest from each other on the cladogram share only two common characters. 
E)  The character long cylindrical body is useful in placing the snake and eel into the cladogram. 
A)  Three-chambered heart is the most inclusive character on the cladogram. 
B)  The snake and lizard share a common ancestor that does not have the characters internal fertilization or amniotic membrane in egg. 
C)  The character notochord in embryo is not shared by the common ancestor to all of the organisms on the cladogram. 
D)  The two organisms furthest from each other on the cladogram share only two common characters. 
E)  The character long cylindrical body is useful in placing the snake and eel into the cladogram.

Question 13

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Archaea 
C)  Eukarya 
D)  Bacteria and Archaea 
E)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya 
A)  Bacteria 
B)  Archaea 
C)  Eukarya 
D)  Bacteria and Archaea 
E)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 15

Shared derived traits are found in all members of the ingroup of a clade.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. 
B)  only after older species disappear from the fossil record. 
C)  suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. 
D)  gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. 
E)  gradually over very short periods of time so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record. 
A)  gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. 
B)  only after older species disappear from the fossil record. 
C)  suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. 
D)  gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. 
E)  gradually over very short periods of time so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record.

Question 17

Two species are said to be closely related if they

Accepted Answer

A)  possess a common ancestor. 
B)  can interbreed but not produce fertile offspring. 
C)  are reproductively isolated from each other. 
D)  have a shared gene pool. 
E)  can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. 
A)  possess a common ancestor. 
B)  can interbreed but not produce fertile offspring. 
C)  are reproductively isolated from each other. 
D)  have a shared gene pool. 
E)  can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 18

A clade includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  an outgroup and an ingroup 
B)  a common ancestor and all its descendant species 
C)  one taxon with shared derived characters 
D)  an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters 
E)  an ingroup only 
A)  an outgroup and an ingroup 
B)  a common ancestor and all its descendant species 
C)  one taxon with shared derived characters 
D)  an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters 
E)  an ingroup only

Question 19

The pollen, or sperm, from a red maple tree is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple tree. This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical isolation 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  hybrid sterility 
E)  gamete isolation 
A)  mechanical isolation 
B)  habitat isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  hybrid sterility 
E)  gamete isolation

Question 20

Elaborate courtship behavior in animals, such as with the blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral isolation 
B)  mechanical isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  postzygotic isolation 
E)  hybrid sterility 
A)  behavioral isolation 
B)  mechanical isolation 
C)  temporal isolation 
D)  postzygotic isolation 
E)  hybrid sterility

Exam 16: Evolution on a Large Scale

Similarity due to convergent evolution is called

A phylogenetic tree

In the three-domain system of classification

Significant mass extinctions occurred during which of the following peroids?

Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly in which types of organisms?

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic?

The gradualistic model of speciation is supported by many transitional forms.

Allopatric speciation is compatible with both the gradualistic and punctuated equilibrium models of evolution.

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive?

Members of two different species are never capable of mating.

Which geological timescale contains the greatest number of years?

Which of the following statements is true about the shown cladogram and the characters used to derive it?

Convergent evolution gives rise to analogous structures in unrelated taxa.

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms?

Shared derived traits are found in all members of the ingroup of a clade.

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear

Two species are said to be closely related if they

A clade includes which of the following?

The pollen, or sperm, from a red maple tree is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple tree. This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism?

Elaborate courtship behavior in animals, such as with the blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers?

Biology: the Science of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Organic Molecules of Life

Inside the Cell

The Dynamic Cell

Energy for Life

Energy for Cells

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis and the Genetic Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna Biology

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Darwin and Evolution

Evolution on a Small Scale

Viruses, Bacteria, and Protists

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Plant Anatomy and Growth

Plant Responses and Reproduction

Being Organized and Steady

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Sensory Input and Motor Output

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