Exam 1: What Is Corrections

Discuss the reforms advocated by the Progressives. Are these ideas implemented today?

Probation and parole officers frequently reported that their original decision to work in these jobs stemmed from their desire to punish people for criminal acts.

The first reformatory took shape in 1876 at________.

The religious group known as the Puritans was primarily responsible for the creation and implementation of the Pennsylvania system of corrections.

Today, pretrial drug treatment, work center, electronic-monitored home confinement, and restitution are activities found under the heading of corrections.

In 1870, the National Prison Association held its historical meeting in what U.S. city? It was during this meeting that the famous Declaration of Principles was proposed.

Which system involved contractors who provided prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor?

__________ is a system of supervision of those who have been released from confinement, sometimes including the option of early release from confinement before the expiration of their sentence.

Discuss the purpose and the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration. What was its importance for corrections?

According to your authors, which of the following is NOT one of the three "P's" of corrections?

Prior to individual statehood, the very first prison facilities in the West were operated by ________.

What level of government runs the facility Josh is housed in?

The positivist school of criminology is centered upon the idea that an individual freely chooses to commit crime; thus, the act, not the actor, is the most important factor in understanding the causes of crime.

Approximately how many Americans are currently incarcerated in a jail or prison?

In the United States today, more felons are being sentenced to ________ instead of ________.

The congregate system, which emphasized the isolation of inmates in individual cells at night but permitted them to work together in silence during the day, was first adopted in which U.S. state?

Systems learn, grow, and improve according to the ________ they receive.

The twin goals of corrections are ________ and protection.

Roughly 70% of those under correctional control in the United States are currently serving the sentence in what ways?

From the earliest accounts of humankind, punishment has been used as a means of , forcing people to comply with rules, norms, and laws.