Exam 1: Introduction to developmental psychology

Experimental research examines the relationship between two types of variables - a dependent variable and an independent variable.What types of variables are these,respectively?

In research methods,validity refers to the extent to which a given score on a standardised test or questionnaire is consistent and can be produced again.

Modern developmental psychologists who subscribe to the interactionist approach believe that behavioural characteristics are influenced by

Freud's concept of the 'id' is best defined as:

Although there are problems with Gesell's idea of maturation,it has been helpful:

Baltes argues that as humans age and biological plasticity decreases,there is an increased need for:

Discuss how Bronfenbrenner's (1989)ecological theory would influence the development of an adolescent today and compare this with an adolescent growing up the 1950s.

John is nine-months old,has begun crawling and will soon begin walking.He has yet to take steps unassisted.John is a part of a study that is examining in-depth the changes that occur in the development of walking,so he will be observed for the next few months until he has mastered walking.What type of research design is this?

Piaget and Freud proposed that the most significant phases of growth occur in the first 10 years of life.

Bandura criticised Watson and Skinner for ignoring the importance of cognitive functioning.

Vygostky and Bronfenbrenner's approaches to development are similar in that they both acknowledge the influence of culture.

Correlational studies allow researchers to investigate causal relationships between variables.

There are many controversies within developmental psychology,including the argument of whether or not an individual's development is quantitative or qualitative.

In operant conditioning,the behaviour response is strengthened by:

In which situation would a case study be an appropriate research method to utilise?

Ethology is characterised by four basic concepts.Which of the following is not one of them?

Discuss ways in which researchers can maximise 'research integrity' and minimise harm for participants in developmental studies.

Bandura proposed a four-step model of observational learning.Which of the following was not a step that the learner must take?

A longitudinal design follows the same participants over time,which is how it differs from a cross-sectional design.

Empirical evidence for Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development is difficult to obtain because of: