Question 1

Use the figure to answer the question.   Which of the following statements is consistent with the phylogeny in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deuterostomia evolved before Porifera. 
B)  Ecdysozoa evolved before Deuterostomia. 
C)  Porifera are more closely related to Acoela than they are to Ctenophora. 
D)  Porifera are more closely related to Ctenophora than they are to Acoela. 
A)  Deuterostomia evolved before Porifera. 
B)  Ecdysozoa evolved before Deuterostomia. 
C)  Porifera are more closely related to Acoela than they are to Ctenophora. 
D)  Porifera are more closely related to Ctenophora than they are to Acoela. D

Question 2

Body symmetry in animals affects swimming in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial symmetry is more advantageous for active swimming than is bilateral symmetry. 
B)  Radial symmetry occurs most frequently in animals that catch their prey by rapid swimming. 
C)  Bilateral symmetry allowed animals to evolve nerves. 
D)  Bilaterally symmetric animals can be streamlined for swimming, but radially symmetric animals cannot. 
A)  Radial symmetry is more advantageous for active swimming than is bilateral symmetry. 
B)  Radial symmetry occurs most frequently in animals that catch their prey by rapid swimming. 
C)  Bilateral symmetry allowed animals to evolve nerves. 
D)  Bilaterally symmetric animals can be streamlined for swimming, but radially symmetric animals cannot. D

Question 3

Suppose a researcher for a pest-control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following best explains the effectiveness of the pesticide?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mosquito would develop a weakened exoskeleton that would make it vulnerable to trauma. 
B)  The mosquito would have trouble digesting food, due to impaired gut function. 
C)  The mosquito would have trouble with respiration and circulation, due to impaired muscle function. 
D)  The mosquito wouldn't be affected at all. 
A)  The mosquito would develop a weakened exoskeleton that would make it vulnerable to trauma. 
B)  The mosquito would have trouble digesting food, due to impaired gut function. 
C)  The mosquito would have trouble with respiration and circulation, due to impaired muscle function. 
D)  The mosquito wouldn't be affected at all. B

Question 4

You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is segmented. 
B)  It is triploblastic. 
C)  It has a coelom. 
D)  It sheds its external skeleton to grow. 
A)  It is segmented. 
B)  It is triploblastic. 
C)  It has a coelom. 
D)  It sheds its external skeleton to grow.

Question 5

In the earthworm body plan, the digestive system can be described as a "tube-within-a-tube." Where would you expect to find most of the tissues that developed from endoderm?

Accepted Answer

A)  lining the straw 
B)  lining the space between the pipe and the straw 
C)  forming the outside of the pipe 
D)  forming the outside of the straw 
A)  lining the straw 
B)  lining the space between the pipe and the straw 
C)  forming the outside of the pipe 
D)  forming the outside of the straw

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics is unique to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  the structural carbohydrate, chitin 
B)  nervous system signal conduction 
C)  heterotrophy 
D)  flagellated gametes 
A)  the structural carbohydrate, chitin 
B)  nervous system signal conduction 
C)  heterotrophy 
D)  flagellated gametes

Question 7

Which of the following is a feature of the digestive tube in most animal phyla?

Accepted Answer

A)  The outer tube consists of a hard exoskeleton. 
B)  The outer tube consists of digestive organs. 
C)  The mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube. 
D)  The two "tubes" are separated by tissue that comes from embryonic endoderm. 
A)  The outer tube consists of a hard exoskeleton. 
B)  The outer tube consists of digestive organs. 
C)  The mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube. 
D)  The two "tubes" are separated by tissue that comes from embryonic endoderm.

Question 8

Use the table to answer the following question.
 
A researcher is studying animals on a previously undiscovered island, home to many unfamiliar organisms, and decides to survey them using the research equipment at hand. The researcher observes them in detail, and makes the notations shown in the table.
Which of the organisms listed is most likely to contain genes encoding enzymes that can fix carbon from CO2?

Accepted Answer

A)  organism A 
B)  organism B 
C)  organism C 
D)  organism D 
A)  organism A 
B)  organism B 
C)  organism C 
D)  organism D

Question 9

In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. As a result of the chromosome loss, which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  cloning a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect would be difficult 
B)  such species must reproduce only asexually 
C)  sequencing of the entire genome will not be possible 
D)  metamorphosis can no longer occur among the descendants of such adults 
A)  cloning a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect would be difficult 
B)  such species must reproduce only asexually 
C)  sequencing of the entire genome will not be possible 
D)  metamorphosis can no longer occur among the descendants of such adults

Question 10

Use the information to answer the question.
One small animal phylum (Placozoa) contains only two species, Trichoplax adhaerens (T. adhaerens) and T. reptans. There are four types of cells, none of which are nerve or muscle cells, and none of which have cell walls. T. adhaerens sperm cells have never been observed. Embryos up to, but not past, the 64-cell (blastula) stage have been observed.
On the basis of information in the paragraph, which of these should be able to be observed in T. adhaerens?

Accepted Answer

A)  a coelom 
B)  the process of gastrulation 
C)  eggs 
D)  a radially symmetric larval form 
A)  a coelom 
B)  the process of gastrulation 
C)  eggs 
D)  a radially symmetric larval form

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the diversification of animals is supported by the current available evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  most animals belong to the clade Bilateria 
B)  animals descended from multiple ancestors 
C)  ctenophores are basal metazoans 
D)  sponges are a paraphyletic group of organisms 
A)  most animals belong to the clade Bilateria 
B)  animals descended from multiple ancestors 
C)  ctenophores are basal metazoans 
D)  sponges are a paraphyletic group of organisms

Question 12

Which tissue type or organ is correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous-mesoderm 
B)  muscular-ectoderm 
C)  stomach-mesoderm 
D)  skin-ectoderm 
A)  nervous-mesoderm 
B)  muscular-ectoderm 
C)  stomach-mesoderm 
D)  skin-ectoderm

Question 13

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the extinction of many Ediacaran life forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  predation by new species, poisoning from high carbon dioxide levels, and loss of developmental flexibility 
B)  predation by new species, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of habitat due to increased temperatures 
C)  predation by new species, faster movement by new species, and increased developmental flexibility by new species 
D)  loss of habitat due to increased temperatures, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of developmental flexibility 
A)  predation by new species, poisoning from high carbon dioxide levels, and loss of developmental flexibility 
B)  predation by new species, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of habitat due to increased temperatures 
C)  predation by new species, faster movement by new species, and increased developmental flexibility by new species 
D)  loss of habitat due to increased temperatures, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of developmental flexibility

Question 14

Which of the following environmental changes is thought to have contributed to the Cambrian explosion?

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in oxygen levels in the atmosphere 
B)  an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere 
C)  an increase in oxygen levels in the atmosphere 
D)  a large meteor impact that spread ash into the atmosphere 
A)  a decrease in oxygen levels in the atmosphere 
B)  an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere 
C)  an increase in oxygen levels in the atmosphere 
D)  a large meteor impact that spread ash into the atmosphere

Question 15

While observing seawater through a microscope, you spot the embryo of an unknown animal. Which of the following criteria could you use to determine whether the organism exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of germ layers 
B)  spiral cleavage or radial cleavage 
C)  the development of a blastopore 
D)  the development of an archenteron 
A)  the development of germ layers 
B)  spiral cleavage or radial cleavage 
C)  the development of a blastopore 
D)  the development of an archenteron

Question 16

Which of the following statements is correct regarding animal body plans?

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms direct their own evolution in order to maximize their success 
B)  animals evolve according to a pre-ordained plan 
C)  the body plans we see now have been evolutionarily advantageous compared to others in the past 
D)  mutations have arisen that allow only some shapes to be produced 
A)  organisms direct their own evolution in order to maximize their success 
B)  animals evolve according to a pre-ordained plan 
C)  the body plans we see now have been evolutionarily advantageous compared to others in the past 
D)  mutations have arisen that allow only some shapes to be produced

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics is common to all known animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals are unicellular. 
B)  Animals are multicellular. 
C)  Animals are autotrophic. 
D)  Animals have cell walls. 
A)  Animals are unicellular. 
B)  Animals are multicellular. 
C)  Animals are autotrophic. 
D)  Animals have cell walls.

Question 18

Which of the following organisms is most likely classified as something other than an animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  sponge 
B)  coral 
C)  jellyfish 
D)  choanoflagellate 
A)  sponge 
B)  coral 
C)  jellyfish 
D)  choanoflagellate

Question 19

Sponges and ctenophores have both been proposed as basal metazoans. Which of the following types of data support the idea that sponges are the basal group?

Accepted Answer

A)  sequences of cadherin genes, cleavage type, structure of collar cells, and bilateral symmetry of adults 
B)  sequences of collagen genes, bilateral symmetry of adults, cleavage type, and fossil steroids 
C)  recent phylogenomic evidence, fossil steroid evidence, molecular clock, lack of tissues in sponges, and structure of collar cells 
D)  structure of collar cells, bilateral symmetry of larvae, sequences of cadherin genes, and molecular clock 
A)  sequences of cadherin genes, cleavage type, structure of collar cells, and bilateral symmetry of adults 
B)  sequences of collagen genes, bilateral symmetry of adults, cleavage type, and fossil steroids 
C)  recent phylogenomic evidence, fossil steroid evidence, molecular clock, lack of tissues in sponges, and structure of collar cells 
D)  structure of collar cells, bilateral symmetry of larvae, sequences of cadherin genes, and molecular clock

Question 20

Which of the following was probably an important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion?

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of animals onto land 
B)  an increase in the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen 
C)  the emergence of predator-prey relationships 
D)  the origin of bilaterian animals 
A)  the movement of animals onto land 
B)  an increase in the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen 
C)  the emergence of predator-prey relationships 
D)  the origin of bilaterian animals

Exam 32: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Use the figure to answer the question. Which of the following statements is consistent with the phylogeny in the figure?

Body symmetry in animals affects swimming in which of the following ways?

Suppose a researcher for a pest-control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following best explains the effectiveness of the pesticide?

You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?

In the earthworm body plan, the digestive system can be described as a "tube-within-a-tube." Where would you expect to find most of the tissues that developed from endoderm?

Which of the following characteristics is unique to animals?

Which of the following is a feature of the digestive tube in most animal phyla?

In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. As a result of the chromosome loss, which of the following consequences is most likely?

Which of the following statements regarding the diversification of animals is supported by the current available evidence?

Which tissue type or organ is correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the extinction of many Ediacaran life forms?

Which of the following environmental changes is thought to have contributed to the Cambrian explosion?

While observing seawater through a microscope, you spot the embryo of an unknown animal. Which of the following criteria could you use to determine whether the organism exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?

Which of the following statements is correct regarding animal body plans?

Which of the following characteristics is common to all known animals?

Which of the following organisms is most likely classified as something other than an animal?

Sponges and ctenophores have both been proposed as basal metazoans. Which of the following types of data support the idea that sponges are the basal group?

Which of the following was probably an important factor in bringing about the Cambrian explosion?

Biology and Its Themes

Atoms and Molecules

The Chemistry of Water

Carbon: the Basis of Molecular Diversity

Biological Macromolecules and Lipids

Energy and Life

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membranes

Cellular Signaling

Cell Respiration

Photosynthetic Processes

Mitosis

Sexual Life Cycles and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Linkage and Chromosomes

Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

Expression of Genes

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Technology

The Evolution of Genomes

How Evolution Works

Phylogenetic Reconstruction

Microevolution

Species and Speciation

Macroevolution

Introduction to Viruses

Prokaryotes

The Origin and Evolution of Eukaryotes

Nonvascular and Seedless Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

Introduction to Fungi

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure and Growth

Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Behavior

The Animal Body

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Digestive Systems

Animal Transport Systems

Animal Excretory Systems

Animal Reproductive Systems

Development in Animals

Animal Defenses Against Infection

Electrical Signals in Animals

Neural Regulation in Animals

Sensation and Movement in Animals

An Overview of Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Populations and Life History Traits

Biodiversity and Communities

Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling in Ecosystems

Conservation and Global Ecology

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