Exam 31: Introduction to Fungi

Which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they diverged early in fungal evolution?

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?

Use the information to answer the following question. Which location is nearest to basidiocarps?

Which of the following types of fungi often live in the digestive tracts of sheep and cattle?

Which of the following describes a reproductive strategy in yeast?

Which of the following statements describes an adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia?

Which of the following statements correctly describes deuteromycetes?

What are the filamentous mats formed by most fungi called?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the daughter cells that result from cytokinesis in budding yeasts?

Use the information to answer the following question. The figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Where would you expect to find the oldest portion of this mycelium?

Fungi interact with many organisms in mutualistic ways. Which of the following involves a fungus that is mutualistic with another organism?

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following types of cells?

Which answer arranges the following structures in order from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus?

All fungi are ________.

When a mycelium infiltrates a recently killed mouse carcass, which of the following is most likely to appear within the tissues of the mouse soon thereafter?

Use the following information to answer the question. For the past several decades, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. Sexual reproduction has not been observed in B. dendrobatidis. If its morphology and genetics did not identify it as a chytridiomycete, then to which fungal group would B. dendrobatidis be assigned?

Use the following information to answer the question. For the past several decades, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. Apart from direct amphibian-to-amphibian contact, which of the following is responsible for the movement of zoospores from one free-living amphibian to another?

Some fungal species live in plants and can kill herbivores that feed on the plant. What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host?

Which of the following structures carries out sexual reproduction in ascomycetes?

Some nematode worms consume plant juices from the roots of plants and are economically important agricultural pests. Some fungi are usually decomposers of plant material, but some trap and kill nematodes at times. Arthrobotrys traps and kills nematodes, especially when they lack nitrogen sources. These two facts suggest that farmers could find Arthrobotrys an important tool in combating nematode infestations. Which of the following research questions would make a good starting point for developing such a defense against nematode pests?