Exam 1: The Study of Human Development

The biopsychosocial model emphasizes that many different forces interact with each other in order to make up development.

According to the information-processing theory, the human mind is analogous to a computer and contains both mental "software" and mental "hardware."

Salem has decided to do a correlational study on the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. How might this research be conducted? What are the major disadvantages of this type of research approach?

Cosella is conducting an experiment where she assesses how quickly teenagers can run a 100-meter race after consuming specific amounts of caffeine. She divides her sample up into three groups. Group 1 receives a glass of water (zero caffeine). Group 2 receives the equivalent of the caffeine in one cup of coffee. Group 3 receives the equivalent of two cups of coffee. Each participant is then timed as they run the course. In this study, the independent variable is

Use the biopsychosocial framework to describe four factors that could be important in the development of parenting skills.

Marcia has started to have difficulty with her nighttime vision, and thus has decided that it is better if she no longer drives after dusk, except in emergency situations. She has asked her friends, with whom she often gets together, if they would mind either (a) getting together at her house more often than normal, or (b) if one of them would mind giving her regular rides to other social events that take place at night. Marcia's behaviors best demonstrate which model of human development?

As a result of reading several research articles on the long-term effects of daycare, a state legislature passes a new law mandating that all daycare providers modify their practices to be in concordance with this research. This action reflects

Validity is to reliability as

The direction of a relationship-that is, whether two variables move in the same direction or in opposite directions-is indicated by the ________ of the correlation coefficient.

Albert Bandura, a noted psychologist who focused on different cognitive factors in life, argues that experience gives people a sense of self-________, which refers to their beliefs about their own abilities and talents.

The entire group of individuals that is the focus of interest in a research study refers to a sample. A small subset of that group that is more easily evaluated refers to a population.

A _________ is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development.

In a correlational study, variables are always studied

The most influential developmental psychologist of the 20ᵗʰ century was

When Jordan, who is a 25-year-old, married father of one infant daughter, is laid off from his job, it impacts him with a devastating amount of worry and fear. When Jackson, who is a 72-year-old married man with five grandchildren, is laid off from his job, he seems to take it in stride and decides that this is a good time to retire. Which of the following forces BEST explains the different reactions of Jordan and Jackson?

Sally steps on her bathroom scale, and it tells her that she weighs 145 pounds. When she steps on it again after her shower, she gets the same result. In fact, it has told her that her weight is stable at 145 pounds for several days now. This is very distressing to Sally, because she actually only weighs around 127 pounds. Which of the following could be said about Sally's scale?

The role of experience, focusing on whether actions are rewarded or punished, is a central tenet in ________ theory.

When a measure being used in a research study produces a consistent index of a characteristic, it would be described as being

The first of Piaget's four proposed stages of cognitive development, occurring in infancy, is called the ________ stage.

Sally steps on her bathroom scale, and it tells her that she weighs 145 pounds. When she steps on it again after her shower, she gets the same result. In fact, it has told her that her weight is stable at 145 pounds for several days now. Which of the following qualities is demonstrated by this very consistent scale?