Question 1

A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed and applied, depending on the offenders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

According to labeling theory, stigma helps lock people into deviant careers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

____________________ theory holds that everyone has the potential to become criminal, but most people are controlled by their bonds to society.

Accepted Answer

Social control

Question 4

Which of the following statements does not reflect labeling theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Labeling theory identifies the role played by social agents in crime causation. 
B)  Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is a disease or a pathological behavior. 
C)  Labeling theory distinguishes between criminal acts and criminal careers. 
D)  Labeling theory focuses attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individuals and their behavior. 
A)  Labeling theory identifies the role played by social agents in crime causation. 
B)  Labeling theory recognizes that criminality is a disease or a pathological behavior. 
C)  Labeling theory distinguishes between criminal acts and criminal careers. 
D)  Labeling theory focuses attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individuals and their behavior.

Question 5

Tom, Dick, and Harry are three teens from the Columbus, OH area. Using the information below, answer the following questions. The three boys got in trouble for skipping school and for possession of stolen goods. They told their parents that they didn't want to steal the items but their friends were doing it and they felt they needed to support their friends. This would most likely be explained by which subcomponent of techniques of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appeal to higher loyalty 
B)  Denial of victim 
C)  ​Denial of responsibility 
D)  Condemnation of the condemners 
A)  Appeal to higher loyalty 
B)  Denial of victim 
C)  ​Denial of responsibility 
D)  Condemnation of the condemners

Question 6

While there is a link between criminal offending and family relations, there is no research which supports family dysfunction leading children to have long-term social problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Religion and belief impact criminal behavior. Even children in high crime areas are better able to resist drug use if they ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  attend self-esteem building programs 
B)  attend religious services 
C)  have religious beliefs 
D)  have parents with religious beliefs 
A)  attend self-esteem building programs 
B)  attend religious services 
C)  have religious beliefs 
D)  have parents with religious beliefs

Question 8

Process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of mainstream society and locks them into a cycle of violence known as ___________________.

Accepted Answer

deviance a

Question 9

___________________ describes the ability of parents to be supportive of their children and effectively control them in noncoercive ways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ describes the ability of parents to...

Question 10

Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided into four main elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attachment 
B)  Commitment 
C)  Affection 
D)  Involvement 
A)  Attachment 
B)  Commitment 
C)  Affection 
D)  Involvement

Question 11

After being kicked out of school, Tom and Dick decide to vandalize the property of the teacher who turned them. The boys were heard saying "had it coming," and deserved the actions based on what he had done to them. According to Techniques of Neutralization theory, which of the subcomponents of the theory best fits this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial of victim 
B)  ​Denial of responsibility 
C)  Denial of injury 
D)  Appeal to higher loyalties 
A)  Denial of victim 
B)  ​Denial of responsibility 
C)  Denial of injury 
D)  Appeal to higher loyalties

Question 12

The totality of research on the effect of dropping out of high school indicates one fact-high school dropouts face a significant chance of entering a criminal career.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi's conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Youths who are strongly attached to parents were less likely to commit crime. 
B)  Youths who were involved in conventional activities were less likely to engage in criminal behavior. 
C)  Youths who maintained weak, distant relationships with people tended toward delinquency. 
D)  Any form of social attachment is beneficial, even to deviant peers and parents. 
A)  Youths who are strongly attached to parents were less likely to commit crime. 
B)  Youths who were involved in conventional activities were less likely to engage in criminal behavior. 
C)  Youths who maintained weak, distant relationships with people tended toward delinquency. 
D)  Any form of social attachment is beneficial, even to deviant peers and parents.

Question 14

According to the author, which of the following is accurate regarding why troubled kids choose delinquent peers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Troubled kids do so because they are not involved in after-school activities. 
B)  Troubled kids do so because they fail to understand truancy and delinquency laws. 
C)  Troubled kids do so out of necessity rather than desire. 
D)  Troubled kids are biologically drawn or attracted to troublemakers. 
A)  Troubled kids do so because they are not involved in after-school activities. 
B)  Troubled kids do so because they fail to understand truancy and delinquency laws. 
C)  Troubled kids do so out of necessity rather than desire. 
D)  Troubled kids are biologically drawn or attracted to troublemakers.

Question 15

Children who fail in school offend more frequently than those who graduate. According to research on national dropout rates, which of the following group sets has "little more than a fifty-fifty chance" of graduating high school?

Accepted Answer

A)  White Americans and Italian Americans 
B)  Hispanic Americans and African Americans 
C)  Asian Americans and Italian Americans 
D)  Native Americans and white Americans 
A)  White Americans and Italian Americans 
B)  Hispanic Americans and African Americans 
C)  Asian Americans and Italian Americans 
D)  Native Americans and white Americans

Question 16

Neutralization theory points out that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  criminal behavior is learned in much the same way that conformity is learned 
B)  even the most committed criminals and delinquents are not involved in criminality all the time 
C)  criminality is a product of weak self-concept and poor self-esteem 
D)  law is differentially applied, benefiting those who hold economic and social power and penalizing the powerless 
A)  criminal behavior is learned in much the same way that conformity is learned 
B)  even the most committed criminals and delinquents are not involved in criminality all the time 
C)  criminality is a product of weak self-concept and poor self-esteem 
D)  law is differentially applied, benefiting those who hold economic and social power and penalizing the powerless

Question 17

_____________ theory explains the view that people acquire the techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________ theory explains the view that people...

Question 18

When examining the relationship between delinquent peers and fear of punishment, ____ delinquent peers may outweigh the fear of punishment.

Accepted Answer

A)  loyalty to 
B)  fear of 
C)  hostility from 
D)  skills learned from 
A)  loyalty to 
B)  fear of 
C)  hostility from 
D)  skills learned from

Question 19

Social process theories have had a major influence on public policy initiatives over the last 60+ years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Social control theory suggests that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  crime occurs when the forces that bind people to society are weakened or broken 
B)  only males have significant potential to become criminals 
C)  crime is a learned behavior 
D)  people become criminals when significant members of society label them as such 
A)  crime occurs when the forces that bind people to society are weakened or broken 
B)  only males have significant potential to become criminals 
C)  crime is a learned behavior 
D)  people become criminals when significant members of society label them as such

A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed and applied, depending on the offenders.

According to labeling theory, stigma helps lock people into deviant careers.

____________________ theory holds that everyone has the potential to become criminal, but most people are controlled by their bonds to society.

Which of the following statements does not reflect labeling theory?

While there is a link between criminal offending and family relations, there is no research which supports family dysfunction leading children to have long-term social problems.

Religion and belief impact criminal behavior. Even children in high crime areas are better able to resist drug use if they ______.

Process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of mainstream society and locks them into a cycle of violence known as ___________________.

___________________ describes the ability of parents to be supportive of their children and effectively control them in noncoercive ways.

Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided into four main elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements?

The totality of research on the effect of dropping out of high school indicates one fact-high school dropouts face a significant chance of entering a criminal career.

Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi's conclusions?

According to the author, which of the following is accurate regarding why troubled kids choose delinquent peers?

Children who fail in school offend more frequently than those who graduate. According to research on national dropout rates, which of the following group sets has "little more than a fifty-fifty chance" of graduating high school?

Neutralization theory points out that ______.

_____________ theory explains the view that people acquire the techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers.

When examining the relationship between delinquent peers and fear of punishment, ____ delinquent peers may outweigh the fear of punishment.

Social process theories have had a major influence on public policy initiatives over the last 60+ years.

Social control theory suggests that ______.

Crime and Criminology

The Nature and Extent of Crime

Victims and Victimization

Rational Choice Theory

Trait Theory

Social Structure Theory

Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice

Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

Violent Crime

Political Crime and Terrorism

Economic Crimes: White-Collar, Blue-Collar, and Green-Collar

Public Order Crimes

Crimes of the New Millennium: Cyber Crime, Technology, and Transnational Organized Crimes

Filters

Exam 7: Social Process Theory

A major premise of social reaction theory is that the law is differentially constructed and applied, depending on the offenders.

According to labeling theory, stigma helps lock people into deviant careers.

____________________ theory holds that everyone has the potential to become criminal, but most people are controlled by their bonds to society.

Which of the following statements does not reflect labeling theory?

While there is a link between criminal offending and family relations, there is no research which supports family dysfunction leading children to have long-term social problems.

Religion and belief impact criminal behavior. Even children in high crime areas are better able to resist drug use if they ______.

Process whereby secondary deviance pushes offenders out of mainstream society and locks them into a cycle of violence known as ___________________.

___________________ describes the ability of parents to be supportive of their children and effectively control them in noncoercive ways.

Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided into four main elements. Which of the following is not one of these elements?

The totality of research on the effect of dropping out of high school indicates one fact-high school dropouts face a significant chance of entering a criminal career.

Travis Hirschi tested the principal hypotheses of social control theory. While evidence was strong and supportive, what is the most controversial aspect of Hirschi's conclusions?

According to the author, which of the following is accurate regarding why troubled kids choose delinquent peers?

Children who fail in school offend more frequently than those who graduate. According to research on national dropout rates, which of the following group sets has "little more than a fifty-fifty chance" of graduating high school?

Neutralization theory points out that ______.

_____________ theory explains the view that people acquire the techniques and attitudes of crime from close relationships with criminal peers.

When examining the relationship between delinquent peers and fear of punishment, ____ delinquent peers may outweigh the fear of punishment.

Social process theories have had a major influence on public policy initiatives over the last 60+ years.

Social control theory suggests that ______.

Crime and Criminology

The Nature and Extent of Crime

Victims and Victimization

Rational Choice Theory

Trait Theory

Social Structure Theory

Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice

Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

Violent Crime

Political Crime and Terrorism

Economic Crimes: White-Collar, Blue-Collar, and Green-Collar

Public Order Crimes

Crimes of the New Millennium: Cyber Crime, Technology, and Transnational Organized Crimes

Filters