Exam 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory

Building social capital supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior.

In their general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi consider the criminal offender and the criminal act as _______concepts.

Life course theorists seek to understand why people enter a criminal way of life and, once they do, why they alter the trajectory of their criminal involvement.

Problem behavior syndrome portrays crime as the by-product of other social problems.

According to the general theory of crime, being adventuresome, physical, and self-centered are all signs that a person possess ______.

Although criminal offenders are people predisposed to crime, they are not robots who commit crime without restraint. According to the general theory of crime, change in the frequency of criminal activity is a function of ______.

_______________________ refers to those who begin to engage in antisocial behavior after the onset of a psychiatric disorder and their criminal behavior is attributed to the symptoms of the disorder.

Research shows that both men and women have a greater likelihood of arrest when divorced compared with when they were married.

Cognitive frameworks that help people quickly process and sort through information are called ______.

The concept of _______________ suggests that life events have a significant influence on future development. ​

According to Laub and Sampson, the life-changing events that alter the development of a criminal career are called ______.

The ___________________ pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior and leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance.

According to life course theories, criminal opportunity, effective guardianship, and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset, continuance, and desistance from crime.

The view that negative life events are connected and produce a hostile view of people and relationships, preference for immediate rewards, and a cynical view of conventional norms ​is known as ___________________.

Social schematic theory relies on how people develop cognitive shortcuts to organize and interpret information.

According to psychologist Terrie Moffit, most young offenders follow one of two paths; adolescent-limited and ______.

Adolescents who do not engage in any deviant behavior are called ______.

According to latent trait theory, the propensity to commit crime is unstable, but the opportunity to commit crime remains stable over time.

Latent trait theories hold that human development is controlled by a "master trait" present at birth or soon after.

A pathway to deviance that begins at an early age with stubborn behavior and leads to property damage, and eventually escalates to more serious forms of theft and fraud.