Question 1

Aerobic respiration evolved in

Accepted Answer

A)  some bacteria. 
B)  some archea. 
C)  animals. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  in some bacteria and some archea. 
A)  some bacteria. 
B)  some archea. 
C)  animals. 
D)  mitochondria. 
E)  in some bacteria and some archea.

Question 2

According to the __________, the universe formed about 13 to 15 billion years ago and is still expanding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the __________, the universe formed...

Question 3

Laboratory simulations provide indirect evidence that organic compounds such as __________ and __________ self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those thought to have prevailed on the early Earth.

Accepted Answer

amino acid

Question 4

Of the following extremes, at which has life NOT been found?

Accepted Answer

A)  low pH. 
B)  high temperature. 
C)  high pressure. 
D)  high salinity. 
E)  it has been found at all of these. 
A)  low pH. 
B)  high temperature. 
C)  high pressure. 
D)  high salinity. 
E)  it has been found at all of these.

Question 5

The earth's earliest atmosphere was likely composed mostly of gaseous

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  water vapor. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  mixtures of these. 
A)  hydrogen. 
B)  nitrogen. 
C)  water vapor. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  mixtures of these.

Question 6

Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as the present one in regard to

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  carbon monoxide. 
A)  carbon dioxide. 
B)  hydrogen. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  carbon monoxide.

Question 7

The ozone layer is valuable because it blocks:

Accepted Answer

A)  heat. 
B)  UV radiation. 
C)  radio waves. 
D)  asteroids. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  heat. 
B)  UV radiation. 
C)  radio waves. 
D)  asteroids. 
E)  all of these.

Question 8

Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitochondria can produce ATP. 
B)  A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell. 
C)  A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules. 
D)  Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes. 
E)  All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. 
A)  Mitochondria can produce ATP. 
B)  A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell. 
C)  A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules. 
D)  Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes. 
E)  All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.

Question 9

The accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  was a result of the accumulation of a by-product of a type of photosynthesis. 
B)  prevented the further spontaneous generation of life. 
C)  provided the opportunity to extract more energy through aerobic respiration. 
D)  did not occur immediately after the earth was formed. 
E)  did all of these. 
A)  was a result of the accumulation of a by-product of a type of photosynthesis. 
B)  prevented the further spontaneous generation of life. 
C)  provided the opportunity to extract more energy through aerobic respiration. 
D)  did not occur immediately after the earth was formed. 
E)  did all of these.

Question 10

The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of nutrients. 
B)  greater surface area for metabolism. 
C)  the transport of proteins. 
D)  the protection of metabolic machinery. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  the concentration of nutrients. 
B)  greater surface area for metabolism. 
C)  the transport of proteins. 
D)  the protection of metabolic machinery. 
E)  all of these.

Question 11

Fossils indicate that the first cells were similar to existing

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  prokaryotes. 
D)  eukaryotes. 
E)  algae. 
A)  viruses. 
B)  fungi. 
C)  prokaryotes. 
D)  eukaryotes. 
E)  algae.

Question 12

Are the three methods of producing the building blocks of life proposed in this chapter mutually exclusive?

Accepted Answer

No! There is no reason that the accumula

Question 13

The "big bang" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an event marking the beginning of the universe. 
B)  the extinction of the dinosaurs. 
C)  the inevitable end of the universe. 
D)  the collision of the first galaxies forming the universe as it is today. 
E)  the inevitable death of large stars. 
A)  an event marking the beginning of the universe. 
B)  the extinction of the dinosaurs. 
C)  the inevitable end of the universe. 
D)  the collision of the first galaxies forming the universe as it is today. 
E)  the inevitable death of large stars.

Question 14

__________ is a field of study concerned with the origins, evolution, and persistence of life on Earth as it relates to life in the universe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a field of study concerned...

Question 15

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate letter.
a.contain DNA, but may be too small to be alive
b.simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
c.red alga resident of hot springs
d.first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
e.source of the heat-resistant enzyme used in PCR
f.offered support for endosymbiosis
g.dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
h.protist with photosynthetic organelles that resemble cyanobacteria
i.earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group
-cyanobacteria

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate letter.
a.contain DNA, but...

Question 16

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a.Thomas Brock
b.Stanley Miller
c.Kwang Jeon
d.Lynn Margulis
e.Oliver Hardy
-He/she discovered an organism that contains a heat-resistant enzyme.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Classification.Choose the proper item below for the...

Question 17

The earliest type of eukaryotic organism currently known is a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  virus. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  alga. 
D)  animal-like protist. 
E)  fungus. 
A)  virus. 
B)  bacterium. 
C)  alga. 
D)  animal-like protist. 
E)  fungus.

Question 18

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of DNA 
B)  formation of protein-RNA systems 
C)  formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D)  spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E)  formation of ATP 
A)  formation of DNA 
B)  formation of protein-RNA systems 
C)  formation of membrane-bound proto-cells 
D)  spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions 
E)  formation of ATP

Question 19

The endosymbiont hypothesis is supported by the work of ____ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller 
B)  Kwang Jeon 
C)  Thomas Brock 
D)  Lynn Margulis 
E)  Australian researchers 
A)  Stanley Miller 
B)  Kwang Jeon 
C)  Thomas Brock 
D)  Lynn Margulis 
E)  Australian researchers

Question 20

MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate letter.
a.contain DNA, but may be too small to be alive
b.simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells
c.red alga resident of hot springs
d.first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
e.source of the heat-resistant enzyme used in PCR
f.offered support for endosymbiosis
g.dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
h.protist with photosynthetic organelles that resemble cyanobacteria
i.earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group
-Amoeba proteus

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
Matching.Choose the most appropriate letter.
a.contain DNA, but...

Exam 19: Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Aerobic respiration evolved in

According to the __________, the universe formed about 13 to 15 billion years ago and is still expanding.

Laboratory simulations provide indirect evidence that organic compounds such as __________ and __________ self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those thought to have prevailed on the early Earth.

Of the following extremes, at which has life NOT been found?

The earth's earliest atmosphere was likely composed mostly of gaseous

Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as the present one in regard to

The ozone layer is valuable because it blocks:

Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?

The accumulation of free oxygen in the atmosphere

The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for

Fossils indicate that the first cells were similar to existing

Are the three methods of producing the building blocks of life proposed in this chapter mutually exclusive?

The "big bang" refers to

__________ is a field of study concerned with the origins, evolution, and persistence of life on Earth as it relates to life in the universe.

Classification.Choose the proper item below for the following statements. a.Thomas Brock b.Stanley Miller c.Kwang Jeon d.Lynn Margulis e.Oliver Hardy -He/she discovered an organism that contains a heat-resistant enzyme.

The earliest type of eukaryotic organism currently known is a type of

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

The endosymbiont hypothesis is supported by the work of ____ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Gene Control

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizing Information About Species

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protiststhe Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolutionthe Invertebrates

Animal Evolutionthe Chordates

Animal Evolutionhuman Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

Laboratory simulations provide indirect evidence that organic compounds such as and self-assemble spontaneously under conditions like those thought to have prevailed on the early Earth.