Question 1

__________ is a set of methods that allow us to reconstruct phylogeny.

Accepted Answer

Cladistics

Question 2

Why is the clade in which derived traits evolve the minimum number of times favored?

Accepted Answer

The evolution of a trait is a rare event, based on selective pressure and luck.The odds of a given event happening repeatedly is far less than it happening one time.As a result, minimizing the number of times derived traits are required to have evolved increases the likelihood of the clade.

Question 3

__________ is the science of naming and classifying species.

Accepted Answer

Taxonomy

Question 4

Phylogeny research may include:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic analysis. 
B)  anatomical analysis. 
C)  behavioral analysis. 
D)  physiological analysis. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  genetic analysis. 
B)  anatomical analysis. 
C)  behavioral analysis. 
D)  physiological analysis. 
E)  all of these.

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of cladistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves making hypothesis about the evolutionary relationship between clades. 
B)  It is a precise science. 
C)  It can lead to a cladogram. 
D)  It may involve parsimony analysis. 
E)  It may use outgroups to 'root' the tree. 
A)  It involves making hypothesis about the evolutionary relationship between clades. 
B)  It is a precise science. 
C)  It can lead to a cladogram. 
D)  It may involve parsimony analysis. 
E)  It may use outgroups to 'root' the tree.

Question 6

The Dlx gene encodes a transcription factor that signals clusters of embryonic cells to ____ and give rise to an appendage.

Accepted Answer

A)  fold into the cardiac muscle 
B)  protrude from the body 
C)  form reproductive structures 
D)  induce apoptosis in cells lining the appendages 
E)  develop into the immune system 
A)  fold into the cardiac muscle 
B)  protrude from the body 
C)  form reproductive structures 
D)  induce apoptosis in cells lining the appendages 
E)  develop into the immune system

Question 7

The influenza virus can infect:

Accepted Answer

A)  humans 
B)  pigs 
C)  birds 
D)  humans and pigs 
E)  humans, pigs and birds 
A)  humans 
B)  pigs 
C)  birds 
D)  humans and pigs 
E)  humans, pigs and birds

Question 8

Similar body parts that reflect shared ancestry are called __________.

Accepted Answer

homologous

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have DNA. 
B)  Their DNA can experience mutations. 
C)  In animals the mitochondria come from the mother. 
D)  They undergo genetic recombination during fertilization. 
E)  All these are true 
A)  They have DNA. 
B)  Their DNA can experience mutations. 
C)  In animals the mitochondria come from the mother. 
D)  They undergo genetic recombination during fertilization. 
E)  All these are true

Question 10

Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA at a predictable rate; like the ticks of a __________, they can help researchers estimate how long ago two lineages diverged.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA...

Question 11

The master gene Hox helps to sculpt the body plan of embryos by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting the Dlx gene to prevent extra limbs. 
B)  timing the activation of Dlx genes. 
C)  causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene. 
D)  converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion. 
E)  inducing mutations in plants. 
A)  inhibiting the Dlx gene to prevent extra limbs. 
B)  timing the activation of Dlx genes. 
C)  causing cell death in any cell not expressing the Hox gene. 
D)  converting sugar into energy to allow the process to go to completion. 
E)  inducing mutations in plants.

Question 12

Some genes encoding proteins that are essential to the survival of the organism are called highly conserved sequences.Which of the following is an example of one of these proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytochrome b 
B)  muscle structural proteins 
C)  carbohydrate hydrolyzing genes 
D)  skin pigmentation 
E)  keratin 
A)  cytochrome b 
B)  muscle structural proteins 
C)  carbohydrate hydrolyzing genes 
D)  skin pigmentation 
E)  keratin

Question 13

For the clade of winged organisms, which of the following would be considered the out group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insect 
B)  Bat 
C)  Eagle 
D)  Penguin 
E)  Honeycreeper 
A)  Insect 
B)  Bat 
C)  Eagle 
D)  Penguin 
E)  Honeycreeper

Question 14

Birds are thought to have evolved from dinosaurs.In considering birds and comparing them to dinosaurs, which of the following would be a derived trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers 
B)  legs 
C)  eyes 
D)  toothlessness 
E)  bones 
A)  feathers 
B)  legs 
C)  eyes 
D)  toothlessness 
E)  bones

Question 15

Which of the following are true statements regarding the use of DNA in evolutionary comparisons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lineages have a mixture of ancestral and novel DNA sequences. 
B)  Mutations inevitably change DNA sequences over time. 
C)  Mutations occur randomly. 
D)  Most mutations are neutral. 
E)  All of these are true. 
A)  Lineages have a mixture of ancestral and novel DNA sequences. 
B)  Mutations inevitably change DNA sequences over time. 
C)  Mutations occur randomly. 
D)  Most mutations are neutral. 
E)  All of these are true.

Question 16

All of the following statements about master genes are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  They orchestrate layers of development. 
B)  They are highly conserved over evolutionary time. 
C)  Mutations within these are frequently devastating. 
D)  They are highly variable in their sequences between species. 
E)  Mutations usually result in changes in body plan. 
A)  They orchestrate layers of development. 
B)  They are highly conserved over evolutionary time. 
C)  Mutations within these are frequently devastating. 
D)  They are highly variable in their sequences between species. 
E)  Mutations usually result in changes in body plan.

Question 17

The skull of the chimpanzee and human are most closely related

Accepted Answer

A)  as 48-hour embryos. 
B)  as adults. 
C)  as adolescents. 
D)  as infants. 
E)  never; they are not structurally close. 
A)  as 48-hour embryos. 
B)  as adults. 
C)  as adolescents. 
D)  as infants. 
E)  never; they are not structurally close.

Question 18

The five-toed limb of stem reptiles became modified into a limb ____ in vertebrates that followed.

Accepted Answer

A)  suitable for high-speed running 
B)  suitable for digging 
C)  suitable for swimming 
D)  with four fingers and an opposable thumb 
E)  with all of these 
A)  suitable for high-speed running 
B)  suitable for digging 
C)  suitable for swimming 
D)  with four fingers and an opposable thumb 
E)  with all of these

Question 19

Similar body parts are not always homologous.They may have evolved independently in separate lineages as adaptations to the same

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive isolation of these groups. 
B)  environmental pressures. 
C)  reduced genetic variability in these groups. 
D)  identical genes in all three groups. 
E)  factor as all of these. 
A)  reproductive isolation of these groups. 
B)  environmental pressures. 
C)  reduced genetic variability in these groups. 
D)  identical genes in all three groups. 
E)  factor as all of these.

Question 20

____ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  Embryology 
B)  Molecular archeology 
C)  Evolution 
D)  Comparative morphology 
E)  Composition 
A)  Embryology 
B)  Molecular archeology 
C)  Evolution 
D)  Comparative morphology 
E)  Composition

Exam 18: Organizing Information About Species

__________ is a set of methods that allow us to reconstruct phylogeny.

Why is the clade in which derived traits evolve the minimum number of times favored?

__________ is the science of naming and classifying species.

Phylogeny research may include:

Which of the following is not true of cladistics?

The Dlx gene encodes a transcription factor that signals clusters of embryonic cells to ____ and give rise to an appendage.

The influenza virus can infect:

Similar body parts that reflect shared ancestry are called __________.

Which of the following is not true of mitochondria?

Neutral mutations tend to accumulate in DNA at a predictable rate; like the ticks of a __________, they can help researchers estimate how long ago two lineages diverged.

The master gene Hox helps to sculpt the body plan of embryos by

Some genes encoding proteins that are essential to the survival of the organism are called highly conserved sequences.Which of the following is an example of one of these proteins?

For the clade of winged organisms, which of the following would be considered the out group?

Birds are thought to have evolved from dinosaurs.In considering birds and comparing them to dinosaurs, which of the following would be a derived trait?

Which of the following are true statements regarding the use of DNA in evolutionary comparisons?

All of the following statements about master genes are true EXCEPT:

The skull of the chimpanzee and human are most closely related

The five-toed limb of stem reptiles became modified into a limb ____ in vertebrates that followed.

Similar body parts are not always homologous.They may have evolved independently in separate lineages as adaptations to the same

____ is the study of body plans and structures among groups of organisms.

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Gene Control

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protiststhe Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolutionthe Invertebrates

Animal Evolutionthe Chordates

Animal Evolutionhuman Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters