Exam 3: The Principles of Design

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What is the significance of hierarchical scale?

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Hierarchical scale is an artistic convention in which the size of figures is determined by their relative importance, rather than by their physical proximity to the viewer or their actual physical size. This technique has been used in various forms of visual art throughout history, including painting, sculpture, and relief work. The significance of hierarchical scale lies in its ability to convey meaning, status, and narrative within a work of art.

Here are some key points that highlight the significance of hierarchical scale:

1. **Visual Emphasis**: Hierarchical scale draws the viewer's attention to the most important figure or figures in a work of art. By making the most significant character the largest, artists ensure that viewers focus on that figure first.

2. **Symbolic Representation**: The use of size to denote importance can symbolize divine or supernatural status. In many religious artworks, deities or holy figures are depicted as larger than human figures to represent their greater power or spiritual significance.

3. **Narrative Clarity**: In scenes with multiple figures, hierarchical scale helps to distinguish the main narrative or action. It clarifies the story being told by making key figures more prominent, thus aiding in the viewer's understanding of the artwork's message.

4. **Social and Political Statements**: Hierarchical scale can also reflect social hierarchies and power dynamics. For example, a king might be depicted as larger than his subjects to emphasize his authority and status.

5. **Cultural Significance**: The use of hierarchical scale can reveal much about the values and beliefs of the culture that produced the artwork. It provides insight into what was considered important or sacred at the time.

6. **Artistic Tradition**: Hierarchical scale is a tradition that links various periods and styles of art. It can be seen in the art of ancient Egypt, where pharaohs are depicted as giants compared to their servants, as well as in medieval art, where saints and nobility are often larger than other figures.

7. **Composition and Balance**: From a purely aesthetic perspective, hierarchical scale can be used to create a balanced and harmonious composition. Artists might adjust the size of figures to create a focal point or to lead the viewer's eye through the artwork.

In summary, hierarchical scale is significant because it serves multiple functions in art: it emphasizes importance, conveys symbolic meaning, clarifies narrative, reflects social structures, provides cultural context, connects artistic traditions, and contributes to the overall composition of a piece. Understanding this concept can greatly enhance one's appreciation and interpretation of visual art.

How is depth implied in the Persian illuminated manuscript, The Court of Gayumars?

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Discuss how Donato Bramante created a sense of order in Tempietto.

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Donato Bramante created a sense of order in the Tempietto through his use of classical architectural principles and careful attention to proportion and symmetry. The Tempietto is a perfect example of Renaissance architecture, with its harmonious and balanced design. Bramante utilized the classical orders of architecture, such as the Doric and Ionic columns, to create a sense of order and stability in the structure. The circular plan of the building, along with its central dome, also contributes to a feeling of harmony and balance. Additionally, Bramante's use of light and shadow, as well as his incorporation of classical motifs and decorative elements, further enhance the sense of order and beauty in the Tempietto. Overall, Bramante's meticulous attention to detail and his adherence to classical architectural principles helped to create a sense of order and harmony in the Tempietto.

The visual weight in a work of art is affected by ________.

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What was Richard Serra's main purpose in building Tilted Arc for the federal plaza?

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The ratio of 1:1.618 is known as the Golden _____.

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In what way does Georgia O'Keeffe create a sense of harmony in Two Calla Lilies on Pink?

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The empty space around an element in the picture plane is called the ________.

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Artists may use an altered sense of scale to produce dramatic effects in their work, such as Andrea Dezsos Gentle Beast Hiding Among Leaves and Robert Therrien's Under the Table, both done in 1994.Compare the two works with differences in scale and the effect it leaves on the viewer.

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In linear perspective, what determines where the horizon line is located?

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Choose three works from chapter three that depict the human figure.Compare and contrast those images with the relationship to scale and proportion.

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Another word for symmetrical balance is _________.

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Which of the following is NOT a way to create emphasis?

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How does David Siquieros use scale and relative size to create emphasis in Echo of a Scream?

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How did Cubism change the way space was organized in the picture plane?

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The yin/yang symbol is a perfect balance of black and white, and it is a good example of ________.

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Tilted Arc was 12 feet tall and _______ feet long.

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In atmospheric perspective, what happens to the background the further back the depth goes?

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There was significant controversy over the work Tilted Arc by Richard Serra.Briefly describe the controversy, and what part the artist, the public, and the government had in the removal of the work.State your opinion of the controversy as to how the event should have transpired.

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The place where the lines of convergence end is called the _________.

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