Exam 7: Identifying and Arresting Suspects

In Whren v.United States (1996), the Supreme Court affirmed that officers could stop vehicles to allay any suspicions even though they have no evidence of criminal behavior.This type of stop is referred to as a:

Which 2007 case established the use of "ramming" in pursuit as a use-of-force doctrine that the police use today?

If a suspect is at the scene of a crime, what methods can an officer use to identify the suspect at the scene?

Electronic surveillance and wiretapping are considered forms of search and therefore do not require probable cause and court order.

identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness to a crime.

In moving surveillance, the surveillant may be referred to as a .

Define entrapment.

Graham v.Connor held that plaintiffs alleging excessive use of force need only show that the officer's actions were under the standards of the Fourth Amendment.

Outline some of the suggestions discussed in the text for officers who are preparing to go undercover.

Investigators should keep in mind that eyewitness identification is highly infallible.

Pen registers and trap-and-trace devices are not considered forms of searches and do not need probable cause and a court order because subscribers waive their rights to privacy when using devices such as cell phones or telephones.

The of racial profiling may be bolstered by discussions of pretextual traffic stops.

On a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques/impact weapon" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?

Which method is used to identify suspects?

Describe the uses and value of psychological profiling.

In United States v.Knotts (1983), the Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location:

Which of the following can be created using Identi-Kit?

What must be established before an arrest can be made?

Suspects may ______________ to participate in a lineup, but this decision can be used against them in court.

Psychological profiling: