Question 1

English Calvinists were known as

Accepted Answer

A) Lollards. 
B) Puritans. 
C) Anglicans. 
D) Tories. 
E) Jansenists. 
A) Lollards. 
B) Puritans. 
C) Anglicans. 
D) Tories. 
E) Jansenists. B

Question 2

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-quietism

Accepted Answer

Quietism is a philosophical or religious attitude that emphasizes a state of inner quietude and the passive acceptance of things as they are. It is often associated with the belief that true peace and happiness can be achieved by withdrawing from worldly affairs and suppressing one's desires and ambitions.

Who? Quietism has been associated with various religious and philosophical figures throughout history, including Christian mystics like Meister Eckhart and Miguel de Molinos, as well as in Eastern traditions such as Taoism and certain schools of Buddhism.

What? Quietism is the practice or philosophy of seeking inner tranquility and spiritual peace through detachment from external concerns and the relinquishment of personal desires. It often involves a deep trust in a higher power or the natural order of things, allowing events to unfold without interference.

Where? Quietism has appeared in various forms across different cultures and religious traditions around the world. It is not confined to any one geographic location.

When? The term "quietism" became particularly prominent in the 17th century with the work of Spanish priest Miguel de Molinos, whose teachings were influential in the Christian mysticism of the period. However, the concept of inner quietude and passive acceptance can be traced back to ancient philosophical and religious traditions.

Why Important? Quietism is important because it represents a significant perspective on the human quest for peace and fulfillment. It challenges the active, interventionist approach to life that is often emphasized in Western cultures, offering an alternative path that values stillness and the acceptance of things as they are. Quietism has influenced various spiritual practices and has been a subject of debate within religious and philosophical circles, particularly regarding its implications for ethics and engagement with the world.

Question 3

The Jesuits used all the following in their campaign against Protestantism except

Accepted Answer

A) high quality education and the incorporation of humanism into reformed Catholicism. 
B) doctrinal compromise with the Protestants. 
C) a pragmatic theology that permitted "small sins." 
D) influence through the office of confessors to kings and princes. 
E) an awareness of Protestantism's limitations. 
A) high quality education and the incorporation of humanism into reformed Catholicism. 
B) doctrinal compromise with the Protestants. 
C) a pragmatic theology that permitted "small sins." 
D) influence through the office of confessors to kings and princes. 
E) an awareness of Protestantism's limitations. B

Question 4

Address to the Christian Nobility of the Germans was

Accepted Answer

A) issued by the Papacy to gain support in its fight against Luther. 
B) written by Luther to implore the nobility to suppress the 1525 German Peasants Revolt. 
C) issued by the Elector of Saxony to promote Luther's cause. 
D) written by Luther to, among other reason, remind the Germans about Papal exploitation. 
E) issued by Emperor Charles V announcing the condemnation of Luther. 
A) issued by the Papacy to gain support in its fight against Luther. 
B) written by Luther to implore the nobility to suppress the 1525 German Peasants Revolt. 
C) issued by the Elector of Saxony to promote Luther's cause. 
D) written by Luther to, among other reason, remind the Germans about Papal exploitation. 
E) issued by Emperor Charles V announcing the condemnation of Luther.

Question 5

The founder of the Protestant Reformation was

Accepted Answer

A) the Frenchman, Peter Waldo. 
B) the Englishman, John Wycliffe. 
C) the Czech, Jan Hus. 
D) the Dutchman, Desiderius Erasmus. 
E) the German, Martin Luther. 
A) the Frenchman, Peter Waldo. 
B) the Englishman, John Wycliffe. 
C) the Czech, Jan Hus. 
D) the Dutchman, Desiderius Erasmus. 
E) the German, Martin Luther.

Question 6

For Luther the final religious authority was

Accepted Answer

A) a Church Council. 
B) an individual's conscience. 
C) the local prince. 
D) the Bible. 
E) the consensus of the faithful. 
A) a Church Council. 
B) an individual's conscience. 
C) the local prince. 
D) the Bible. 
E) the consensus of the faithful.

Question 7

A historian's explanation of the failure of the Reformation to take hold in Italy and Spain would be

Accepted Answer

A) the Catholic Church was not as corrupt in those countries as it was north of the Alps. 
B) God has clearly predestined the Italians and Spaniards to damnation. 
C) the Catholic Church effectively eliminated the Reformation in those countries. 
D) the culture of Protestantism only appealed to Germanic peoples. 
E) the Reformation is associated with the growth of capitalism and capitalism was very weak in Italy and Spain. 
A) the Catholic Church was not as corrupt in those countries as it was north of the Alps. 
B) God has clearly predestined the Italians and Spaniards to damnation. 
C) the Catholic Church effectively eliminated the Reformation in those countries. 
D) the culture of Protestantism only appealed to Germanic peoples. 
E) the Reformation is associated with the growth of capitalism and capitalism was very weak in Italy and Spain.

Question 8

The followers of Luther, as a whole, believed that women

Accepted Answer

A) were in all respects equal to men since they, too, would die and "stand naked before their Creator." 
B) should be given all the rights of men, except those in the public sphere. 
C) should marry and be silent and obedient. 
D) were more carnal and hence they were the source of all sin. 
E) None of these 
A) were in all respects equal to men since they, too, would die and "stand naked before their Creator." 
B) should be given all the rights of men, except those in the public sphere. 
C) should marry and be silent and obedient. 
D) were more carnal and hence they were the source of all sin. 
E) None of these

Question 9

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The nobility of Germany perceived the movement of Luther as one opposed to their interests. 
B) Lutheranism may be called an evangelical movement. 
C) The freedom of which Luther spoke was an inner freedom. 
D) Luther's victory against clerical opposition probably influenced the peasants to rebel. 
E) Many supported the Reformation because it offered them the chance to seize Church lands and eliminate Church taxes. 
A) The nobility of Germany perceived the movement of Luther as one opposed to their interests. 
B) Lutheranism may be called an evangelical movement. 
C) The freedom of which Luther spoke was an inner freedom. 
D) Luther's victory against clerical opposition probably influenced the peasants to rebel. 
E) Many supported the Reformation because it offered them the chance to seize Church lands and eliminate Church taxes.

Question 10

In Catholic practice at the beginning of the sixteenth century, indulgences referred to

Accepted Answer

A) excesses in the enjoyment of earthly pleasures. 
B) decrees releasing rulers from having to pay homage to the pope in person. 
C) cancellations of punishment for sins in return for cash payment. 
D) tolerance of marginally heretical beliefs. 
E) None of these 
A) excesses in the enjoyment of earthly pleasures. 
B) decrees releasing rulers from having to pay homage to the pope in person. 
C) cancellations of punishment for sins in return for cash payment. 
D) tolerance of marginally heretical beliefs. 
E) None of these

Question 11

Katharina von Bora was

Accepted Answer

A) an Anabaptist preacher in northern Poland. 
B) John Calvin's wife. 
C) Martin Luther's wife. 
D) wife of Frederick, Elector of Saxony, and an early convert to Luther's reforming views. 
E) a mystic and a Zwinglian. 
A) an Anabaptist preacher in northern Poland. 
B) John Calvin's wife. 
C) Martin Luther's wife. 
D) wife of Frederick, Elector of Saxony, and an early convert to Luther's reforming views. 
E) a mystic and a Zwinglian.

Question 12

The Reformation ran counter to the development of modernity by

Accepted Answer

A) shattering the religious unity of the West. 
B) contributing to the autonomy of the state. 
C) its renewed stress on otherworldliness. 
D) its anti-authoritarian tendencies. 
E) its emphasis on the individual. 
A) shattering the religious unity of the West. 
B) contributing to the autonomy of the state. 
C) its renewed stress on otherworldliness. 
D) its anti-authoritarian tendencies. 
E) its emphasis on the individual.

Question 13

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-inner light

Accepted Answer

Inner Light:

Who?
The concept of "inner

Question 14

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-predestination

Accepted Answer

Predestination is a theological concept

Question 15

The original occupation of Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order, was

Accepted Answer

A) lawyer. 
B) priest. 
C) professor. 
D) soldier. 
E) merchant. 
A) lawyer. 
B) priest. 
C) professor. 
D) soldier. 
E) merchant.

Question 16

By the 1520s, Luther had found his protector in

Accepted Answer

A) Prince Frederick, the elector of Saxony. 
B) no one but God. 
C) the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. 
D) the synod of German bishops. 
E) the local community in Wittenberg. 
A) Prince Frederick, the elector of Saxony. 
B) no one but God. 
C) the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. 
D) the synod of German bishops. 
E) the local community in Wittenberg.

Question 17

As Protestantism developed, a Radical Reformation appeared which

Accepted Answer

A) was condemned by both Luther and Calvin. 
B) tied into the semi-Christian folk beliefs of the peasantry. 
C) held that God favored the poor and thus the Gospel preached social revolution. 
D) preached that God communicated directly to his people through "an inner light." 
E) All of these 
A) was condemned by both Luther and Calvin. 
B) tied into the semi-Christian folk beliefs of the peasantry. 
C) held that God favored the poor and thus the Gospel preached social revolution. 
D) preached that God communicated directly to his people through "an inner light." 
E) All of these

Question 18

According to the author, the main reason why the Church did not immediately condemn Luther was

Accepted Answer

A) political; the pope had to weigh the influence of the Elector of Saxony, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the kings of Spain, France and England. 
B) the initial support that much of the Catholic clergy gave Luther. 
C) cultural: officials in Rome could not take the activities of a German monk seriously. 
D) the internal weakness of the Church; the Papacy was being challenged by the Conciliar Movement. 
E) the limited impact Luther's ideas were having. 
A) political; the pope had to weigh the influence of the Elector of Saxony, the Holy Roman Emperor, and the kings of Spain, France and England. 
B) the initial support that much of the Catholic clergy gave Luther. 
C) cultural: officials in Rome could not take the activities of a German monk seriously. 
D) the internal weakness of the Church; the Papacy was being challenged by the Conciliar Movement. 
E) the limited impact Luther's ideas were having.

Question 19

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).  
-Locate where the following occurred: the posting of the Ninety-five Theses at Wittenberg; the meeting of Luther and Charles V at Worms; the center of international Protestantism, Geneva; the Anabaptist stronghold, Muenster; the church council at Trent.

Accepted Answer

As an AI language model, I don't have th

Question 20

Calvinist ethics were most compatible with

Accepted Answer

A) merchants. 
B) monasticism. 
C) feudalism. 
D) peasant communalism. 
E) chivalry. 
A) merchants. 
B) monasticism. 
C) feudalism. 
D) peasant communalism. 
E) chivalry.

English Calvinists were known as

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -quietism

The Jesuits used all the following in their campaign against Protestantism except

Address to the Christian Nobility of the Germans was

The founder of the Protestant Reformation was

For Luther the final religious authority was

A historian's explanation of the failure of the Reformation to take hold in Italy and Spain would be

The followers of Luther, as a whole, believed that women

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

In Catholic practice at the beginning of the sixteenth century, indulgences referred to

Katharina von Bora was

The Reformation ran counter to the development of modernity by

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -inner light

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -predestination

The original occupation of Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order, was

By the 1520s, Luther had found his protector in

As Protestantism developed, a Radical Reformation appeared which

According to the author, the main reason why the Church did not immediately condemn Luther was

Calvinist ethics were most compatible with

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State: Democratic Politics

Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age: Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire: a World-State

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages: Vitality and Renewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture: the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

European Expansion: Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform

Filters

Exam 14: The Reformation: the Shattering of Christian Unity

English Calvinists were known as

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -quietism

The Jesuits used all the following in their campaign against Protestantism except

Address to the Christian Nobility of the Germans was

The founder of the Protestant Reformation was

For Luther the final religious authority was

A historian's explanation of the failure of the Reformation to take hold in Italy and Spain would be

The followers of Luther, as a whole, believed that women

Which of the following statements is least accurate?

In Catholic practice at the beginning of the sixteenth century, indulgences referred to

Katharina von Bora was

The Reformation ran counter to the development of modernity by

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -inner light

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -predestination

The original occupation of Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuit order, was

By the 1520s, Luther had found his protector in

As Protestantism developed, a Radical Reformation appeared which

According to the author, the main reason why the Church did not immediately condemn Luther was

Calvinist ethics were most compatible with

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State: Democratic Politics

Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age: Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire: a World-State

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages: Vitality and Renewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture: the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

European Expansion: Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform

Filters