Question 1

Who wrote both Candide and Micromegas?

Accepted Answer

A) d'Holbach 
B) Helvetius 
C) de Montesquieu 
D) Voltaire 
E) Bayle 
A) d'Holbach 
B) Helvetius 
C) de Montesquieu 
D) Voltaire 
E) Bayle D

Question 2

The term tabula rasa relates most to the concept that

Accepted Answer

A) economic tables of the law of supply and demand should be kept by modern states. 
B) no ideas are innate. 
C) slavery was part of the chain of being. 
D) original sin must be removed by baptism. 
E) tyranny breaks the social contract and society returns to the state of nature. 
A) economic tables of the law of supply and demand should be kept by modern states. 
B) no ideas are innate. 
C) slavery was part of the chain of being. 
D) original sin must be removed by baptism. 
E) tyranny breaks the social contract and society returns to the state of nature. B

Question 3

One may correctly assert that

Accepted Answer

A) Rousseau contended that society was responsible for reforming the basically selfish nature of human beings. 
B) John Locke rejected the importance of education in molding a virtuous mind. 
C) Hume's reasoned arguments made him a philosopher who was most dangerous to the Old Regime. 
D) philosophes often considered Native Americans superior in many of their customs to Europeans. 
E) Hobbes believed that life in the state of nature was "nasty, brutish and short," therefore, when a government is established it can be overthrown if it oppresses its people. 
A) Rousseau contended that society was responsible for reforming the basically selfish nature of human beings. 
B) John Locke rejected the importance of education in molding a virtuous mind. 
C) Hume's reasoned arguments made him a philosopher who was most dangerous to the Old Regime. 
D) philosophes often considered Native Americans superior in many of their customs to Europeans. 
E) Hobbes believed that life in the state of nature was "nasty, brutish and short," therefore, when a government is established it can be overthrown if it oppresses its people. D

Question 4

Philosophes of the High Enlightenment were increasingly

Accepted Answer

A) academic in their discourses. 
B) isolated in society. 
C) revolutionary in their views. 
D) religious in their outlook. 
E) elitist. 
A) academic in their discourses. 
B) isolated in society. 
C) revolutionary in their views. 
D) religious in their outlook. 
E) elitist.

Question 5

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-humanitarianism

Accepted Answer

Humanitarianism is a moral of kindness,

Question 6

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-enlightened despotism

Accepted Answer

Enlightened despotism refers to a form o

Question 7

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

Accepted Answer

A) traditional philosophers who opposed new ideas. 
B) particularly those clergymen whose duty it was to protect the faith from philosophical wrangling. 
C) leaders of Enlightenment thought who supported tolerance, rationality, and freedom. 
D) the university professors who debated issues of the Enlightenment. 
E) the modern equivalent of ancient sophists. 
A) traditional philosophers who opposed new ideas. 
B) particularly those clergymen whose duty it was to protect the faith from philosophical wrangling. 
C) leaders of Enlightenment thought who supported tolerance, rationality, and freedom. 
D) the university professors who debated issues of the Enlightenment. 
E) the modern equivalent of ancient sophists.

Question 8

Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all

Accepted Answer

A) rejected divine right monarchy. 
B) were major political theorists of the Enlightenment. 
C) use ideas from Machiavelli, Spinoza, and Hobbes. 
D) sought methods to limit the power of the king. 
E) All of these 
A) rejected divine right monarchy. 
B) were major political theorists of the Enlightenment. 
C) use ideas from Machiavelli, Spinoza, and Hobbes. 
D) sought methods to limit the power of the king. 
E) All of these

Question 9

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-natural rights

Accepted Answer

Natural rights are a set of moral princi

Question 10

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
-skepticism

Accepted Answer

Skepticism is a philosophical attitude o

Question 11

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
-Explain the 1756 diplomatic revolution and its consequences.

Accepted Answer

The 1756 diplomatic revolution refers to

Question 12

Pierre Bayle's skepticism

Accepted Answer

A) aimed at undermining the Newtonian synthesis. 
B) became the guiding principle behind the Encyclopédie. 
C) dealt a serious blow to revealed religion and pointed in the direction of natural religion. 
D) led to his expulsion from France and execution in Geneva. 
E) None of these 
A) aimed at undermining the Newtonian synthesis. 
B) became the guiding principle behind the Encyclopédie. 
C) dealt a serious blow to revealed religion and pointed in the direction of natural religion. 
D) led to his expulsion from France and execution in Geneva. 
E) None of these

Question 13

In 1700, the common language of well-educated Europeans was

Accepted Answer

A) English. 
B) Latin. 
C) French 
D) Esperanto. 
E) None of these 
A) English. 
B) Latin. 
C) French 
D) Esperanto. 
E) None of these

Question 14

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

Accepted Answer

A) Hobbes. 
B) Locke. 
C) Montesquieu. 
D) Rousseau. 
E) Leszczyski. 
A) Hobbes. 
B) Locke. 
C) Montesquieu. 
D) Rousseau. 
E) Leszczyski.

Question 15

The diplomatic revolution of 1756 involved

Accepted Answer

A) a France-Austria alliance. 
B) Prussia's support of Austria in the Seven Years' War. 
C) France's diplomatic aid for Prussia. 
D) the severing of ties between Spain and Austria. 
E) the reconciliation of Britain and the Dutch Republic. 
A) a France-Austria alliance. 
B) Prussia's support of Austria in the Seven Years' War. 
C) France's diplomatic aid for Prussia. 
D) the severing of ties between Spain and Austria. 
E) the reconciliation of Britain and the Dutch Republic.

Question 16

Enlightenment thinkers of which country took the lead in attacking slavery?

Accepted Answer

A) Britain 
B) The British colonies in North America 
C) France 
D) The Dutch Republic 
E) The Papal States 
A) Britain 
B) The British colonies in North America 
C) France 
D) The Dutch Republic 
E) The Papal States

Question 17

In historical perspective, the Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

A) culminated the evolution away from the medieval worldview begun by the Renaissance. 
B) strongly contributed to the democratic revolutions that followed. 
C) developed Western ideals of human rights, religious tolerance, and progress. 
D) was a direct outgrowth of the Scientific Revolution. 
E) All of these 
A) culminated the evolution away from the medieval worldview begun by the Renaissance. 
B) strongly contributed to the democratic revolutions that followed. 
C) developed Western ideals of human rights, religious tolerance, and progress. 
D) was a direct outgrowth of the Scientific Revolution. 
E) All of these

Question 18

Locke's theory of education

Accepted Answer

A) questioned the Christian belief in a sinful human nature. 
B) indicated that nurture is more important than nature. 
C) held that a person must test knowledge with his own sense experience. 
D) assumed all knowledge ultimately comes from the senses. 
E) All of these 
A) questioned the Christian belief in a sinful human nature. 
B) indicated that nurture is more important than nature. 
C) held that a person must test knowledge with his own sense experience. 
D) assumed all knowledge ultimately comes from the senses. 
E) All of these

Question 19

The author of your text refers to which of the following as the most important book of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A) Wealth of Nations 
B) Encyclopedia 
C) Social Contract 
D) Vindication of the Rights of Man 
E) Two Treatises on Government 
A) Wealth of Nations 
B) Encyclopedia 
C) Social Contract 
D) Vindication of the Rights of Man 
E) Two Treatises on Government

Question 20

All of the following characterized civil society and the public sphere in Enlightenment Europe except

Accepted Answer

A) mixing of aristocrats with other social classes. 
B) restriction to a few major cities. 
C) membership based on common interests and curiosity rather than religion, kin, or occupational affiliation. 
D) most of the members had some surplus wealth. 
E) informal training in self-governance, self-education, and social criticism. 
A) mixing of aristocrats with other social classes. 
B) restriction to a few major cities. 
C) membership based on common interests and curiosity rather than religion, kin, or occupational affiliation. 
D) most of the members had some surplus wealth. 
E) informal training in self-governance, self-education, and social criticism.

Who wrote both Candide and Micromegas?

The term tabula rasa relates most to the concept that

One may correctly assert that

Philosophes of the High Enlightenment were increasingly

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -humanitarianism

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -enlightened despotism

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -natural rights

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -skepticism

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. -Explain the 1756 diplomatic revolution and its consequences.

Pierre Bayle's skepticism

In 1700, the common language of well-educated Europeans was

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

The diplomatic revolution of 1756 involved

Enlightenment thinkers of which country took the lead in attacking slavery?

In historical perspective, the Enlightenment

Locke's theory of education

The author of your text refers to which of the following as the most important book of the Enlightenment?

All of the following characterized civil society and the public sphere in Enlightenment Europe except

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State: Democratic Politics

Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age: Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire: a World-State

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages: Vitality and Renewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture: the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation: the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion: Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

Filters

Exam 18: The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform

Who wrote both Candide and Micromegas?

The term tabula rasa relates most to the concept that

One may correctly assert that

Philosophes of the High Enlightenment were increasingly

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -humanitarianism

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -enlightened despotism

Eighteenth-century philosophes were

Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -natural rights

Instructions: Please define the following key terms.Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? -skepticism

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. -Explain the 1756 diplomatic revolution and its consequences.

Pierre Bayle's skepticism

In 1700, the common language of well-educated Europeans was

The modern notion of government divided into branches was most clearly articulated by

The diplomatic revolution of 1756 involved

Enlightenment thinkers of which country took the lead in attacking slavery?

In historical perspective, the Enlightenment

Locke's theory of education

The author of your text refers to which of the following as the most important book of the Enlightenment?

All of the following characterized civil society and the public sphere in Enlightenment Europe except

The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State: Democratic Politics

Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age: Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire: a World-State

Early Christianity: a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome: Byzantium, Islam, and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages: Vitality and Renewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture: the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages: Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation: the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion: Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

Filters