Question 1

The median test should be used when:

Accepted Answer

A) We have more than two variables. 
B) We have a nominal dichotomous independent variable and a severely skewed dependent variable that is at the ordinal, interval or ratio level of measurement. 
C) We have a nominal dichotomous independent variable and a normally distributed dependent variable that is at the ordinal, interval or ratio level of measurement. 
D) We want to compare sample proportions on a single variable to proportions known to exist in the broader population. 
A) We have more than two variables. 
B) We have a nominal dichotomous independent variable and a severely skewed dependent variable that is at the ordinal, interval or ratio level of measurement. 
C) We have a nominal dichotomous independent variable and a normally distributed dependent variable that is at the ordinal, interval or ratio level of measurement. 
D) We want to compare sample proportions on a single variable to proportions known to exist in the broader population. B

Question 2

Cross tabulation tables show whether and how two or more nominal-level variables are related.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

It is appropriate to use parametric tests of statistical significance when:

Accepted Answer

A) At least one variable in the test has an interval or ratio level of measurement. 
B) The tested parameters of the interval or ratio variables are distributed normally in the population. 
C) The groups being compared are independent of each other. 
D) All of these. 
A) At least one variable in the test has an interval or ratio level of measurement. 
B) The tested parameters of the interval or ratio variables are distributed normally in the population. 
C) The groups being compared are independent of each other. 
D) All of these. D

Question 4

How many degrees of freedom are there in a table with 4 rows and 3 columns?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 
B) 7 
C) 8 
D) 12 
A) 6 
B) 7 
C) 8 
D) 12

Question 5

Two cells in a 2 by 2 table contain expected frequencies o4.The other two cells contain expected frequencies of 6.Which of the following statements is/are true about this table?

Accepted Answer

A) The Correction for Continuity should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
B) The Fisher's Exact Test should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
C) Pearson's chi-square statistic should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
D) None of these. 
A) The Correction for Continuity should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
B) The Fisher's Exact Test should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
C) Pearson's chi-square statistic should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
D) None of these.

Question 6

The chi-square formula involves adding in every cell the expected frequency plus the observed frequency and then dividing the sum by the observed frequency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

To obtain the expected frequency for a cell in a two-by-two table, we:

Accepted Answer

A) Multiply the column total by the row total and then divide the product by N. 
B) Divide the column total by the row total and then multiply by N. 
C) Divide the row total by the column total and then multiply by N. 
D) Multiply the column total by the row total and then divide the square root of N. 
A) Multiply the column total by the row total and then divide the product by N. 
B) Divide the column total by the row total and then multiply by N. 
C) Divide the row total by the column total and then multiply by N. 
D) Multiply the column total by the row total and then divide the square root of N.

Question 8

Two cells in a 2 by 2 table contain expected frequencies of 8.The other two cells contain expected frequencies of 12.Which of the following statements is/are true about this table?

Accepted Answer

A) The Correction for Continuity should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
B) The Fisher's Exact Test should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
C) Pearson's chi-square statistic should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
D) None of these. 
A) The Correction for Continuity should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
B) The Fisher's Exact Test should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
C) Pearson's chi-square statistic should be used in testing the statistical significance of the results. 
D) None of these.

Question 9

When applying the chi-square formula without the correction for continuity you should:

Accepted Answer

A) Add the squared differences between each observed and expected frequency. 
B) Add the squared differences between each observed and expected frequency and then divide by N. 
C) Add the differences between each observed and expected frequency. 
D) Add the differences between each observed and expected frequency and then divide by N. 
A) Add the squared differences between each observed and expected frequency. 
B) Add the squared differences between each observed and expected frequency and then divide by N. 
C) Add the differences between each observed and expected frequency. 
D) Add the differences between each observed and expected frequency and then divide by N.

Question 10

Each cell in a 2 by 2 table contains 20 observed cases.Which of the following statements is/are true about these results?

Accepted Answer

A) The results are statistically significant. 
B) There are 19 degrees of freedom 
C) The chi-square statistic equals zero. 
D) The Fisher's Exact Test should be used. 
A) The results are statistically significant. 
B) There are 19 degrees of freedom 
C) The chi-square statistic equals zero. 
D) The Fisher's Exact Test should be used.

Question 11

A common use of the goodness of fit test is when we want to compare our sample proportions to proportions known to exist in the broader population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The goodness of fit test should be used when:

Accepted Answer

A) We have more than two variables. 
B) We have exactly two variables. 
C) We want to compare sample proportions on a single variable to proportions known to exist in the broader population. 
D) When we have 10 or more degrees of freedom. 
A) We have more than two variables. 
B) We have exactly two variables. 
C) We want to compare sample proportions on a single variable to proportions known to exist in the broader population. 
D) When we have 10 or more degrees of freedom.

Question 13

The table value for chi-square at the .05 level of significance is 3.84 with one degree of freedom and 5.99 with two degrees of freedom.Our calculated chi-square value in a table with 2 rows and 3 columns is 4.50.Our chosen level of significance is .05.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) Our results are statistically significant. * 
B) Our results are NOT statistically significant. 
C) We had one degree of freedom. 
D) Our results are statistically significant and we had one degree of freedom. 
A) Our results are statistically significant. * 
B) Our results are NOT statistically significant. 
C) We had one degree of freedom. 
D) Our results are statistically significant and we had one degree of freedom.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is/are true about nonparametric tests of statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

A) They are preferable to parametric tests. 
B) They require the same assumptions as parametric tests. 
C) They require variables at the interval or ratio level of measurement. 
D) None of these. 
A) They are preferable to parametric tests. 
B) They require the same assumptions as parametric tests. 
C) They require variables at the interval or ratio level of measurement. 
D) None of these.

Question 15

Nonparametric tests require all of the same assumptions as parametric tests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Fisher's Exact Test is used whenever any cells in our 2 by 2 cross-tabulation table have an expected count of less than 5.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

McNemar's test should be used when:

Accepted Answer

A) We have more than two variables. 
B) We have a nominal dichotomous independent variable and a severely skewed dependent variable that is at the ordinal, interval or ratio level of measurement. 
C) We want to examine change from pretest to posttest within one group on a nominal variable. 
D) We want to compare sample proportions on a single variable to proportions known to exist in the broader population. 
A) We have more than two variables. 
B) We have a nominal dichotomous independent variable and a severely skewed dependent variable that is at the ordinal, interval or ratio level of measurement. 
C) We want to examine change from pretest to posttest within one group on a nominal variable. 
D) We want to compare sample proportions on a single variable to proportions known to exist in the broader population.

Question 18

To use the median test, we first calculate the median for the overall sample.Next, we collapse the interval or ratio data in each group into two (dichotomous) categories: 1) the scores that fall above the median, and 2) the scores that fall below the median.Then we analyze those categories using the chi-square formula.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Chi-square is a nonparametric test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The correction for continuity is used whenever our cross tabulation table has more than two rows and two columns and has any expected frequencies more than 20.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The median test should be used when:

Cross tabulation tables show whether and how two or more nominal-level variables are related.

It is appropriate to use parametric tests of statistical significance when:

How many degrees of freedom are there in a table with 4 rows and 3 columns?

Two cells in a 2 by 2 table contain expected frequencies o4.The other two cells contain expected frequencies of 6.Which of the following statements is/are true about this table?

The chi-square formula involves adding in every cell the expected frequency plus the observed frequency and then dividing the sum by the observed frequency.

To obtain the expected frequency for a cell in a two-by-two table, we:

Two cells in a 2 by 2 table contain expected frequencies of 8.The other two cells contain expected frequencies of 12.Which of the following statements is/are true about this table?

When applying the chi-square formula without the correction for continuity you should:

Each cell in a 2 by 2 table contains 20 observed cases.Which of the following statements is/are true about these results?

A common use of the goodness of fit test is when we want to compare our sample proportions to proportions known to exist in the broader population.

The goodness of fit test should be used when:

The table value for chi-square at the .05 level of significance is 3.84 with one degree of freedom and 5.99 with two degrees of freedom.Our calculated chi-square value in a table with 2 rows and 3 columns is 4.50.Our chosen level of significance is .05.What does this mean?

Which of the following statements is/are true about nonparametric tests of statistical significance?

Nonparametric tests require all of the same assumptions as parametric tests.

The Fisher's Exact Test is used whenever any cells in our 2 by 2 cross-tabulation table have an expected count of less than 5.

McNemar's test should be used when:

Chi-square is a nonparametric test.

The correction for continuity is used whenever our cross tabulation table has more than two rows and two columns and has any expected frequencies more than 20.

Why Study Statistics

Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice

Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms

Frequency Distributions

Graphs and Charts

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Types of Distributions

Z-Scores, Percentiles and Effect Size

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance

Type I and Type Ii Errors

Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships

The T-Test

Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression Analysis

Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs

Filters

Exam 16: Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square

The median test should be used when:

Cross tabulation tables show whether and how two or more nominal-level variables are related.

It is appropriate to use parametric tests of statistical significance when:

How many degrees of freedom are there in a table with 4 rows and 3 columns?

Two cells in a 2 by 2 table contain expected frequencies o4.The other two cells contain expected frequencies of 6.Which of the following statements is/are true about this table?

The chi-square formula involves adding in every cell the expected frequency plus the observed frequency and then dividing the sum by the observed frequency.

To obtain the expected frequency for a cell in a two-by-two table, we:

Two cells in a 2 by 2 table contain expected frequencies of 8.The other two cells contain expected frequencies of 12.Which of the following statements is/are true about this table?

When applying the chi-square formula without the correction for continuity you should:

Each cell in a 2 by 2 table contains 20 observed cases.Which of the following statements is/are true about these results?

A common use of the goodness of fit test is when we want to compare our sample proportions to proportions known to exist in the broader population.

The goodness of fit test should be used when:

The table value for chi-square at the .05 level of significance is 3.84 with one degree of freedom and 5.99 with two degrees of freedom.Our calculated chi-square value in a table with 2 rows and 3 columns is 4.50.Our chosen level of significance is .05.What does this mean?

Which of the following statements is/are true about nonparametric tests of statistical significance?

Nonparametric tests require all of the same assumptions as parametric tests.

The Fisher's Exact Test is used whenever any cells in our 2 by 2 cross-tabulation table have an expected count of less than 5.

McNemar's test should be used when:

Chi-square is a nonparametric test.

The correction for continuity is used whenever our cross tabulation table has more than two rows and two columns and has any expected frequencies more than 20.

Why Study Statistics

Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice

Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms

Frequency Distributions

Graphs and Charts

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Types of Distributions

Z-Scores, Percentiles and Effect Size

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance

Type I and Type Ii Errors

Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships

The T-Test

Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Regression Analysis

Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs

Filters