Question 1

ANOVA can be used only when comparing two means.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

When evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, it would be appropriate to conduct a multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) when:

Accepted Answer

A) There is more than one dependent variable. 
B) We want to avoid inflating the probability of a Type 1 error. 
C) The dependent variables being used are correlated with one another in such a way that an intervention will not have significant effects on any one of them alone, but will have a significant effect on a linear combination of them. 
D) All of these are reasons for conducting a MANOVA. 
A) There is more than one dependent variable. 
B) We want to avoid inflating the probability of a Type 1 error. 
C) The dependent variables being used are correlated with one another in such a way that an intervention will not have significant effects on any one of them alone, but will have a significant effect on a linear combination of them. 
D) All of these are reasons for conducting a MANOVA. D

Question 3

The degrees of freedom for the numerator in the F -ratio is one less than the number of groups being compared.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

MANOVA should be used when more than one dependent variable is involved in an analysis of variance

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

It is appropriate to conduct a t-Test separately for each paired comparison in a post hoc test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is conducted for a study using the pretest and posttest scores of two groups.The F-ratio is statistically significant.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a significant difference between the two groups on the posttest scores when the effects of the pretest scores are controlled. 
B) There is a significant difference between the two groups on the pretest scores when the effects of the posttest scores are controlled. 
C) There are significant differences between the two groups on both the pretest and the posttest scores. 
D) All of these. 
A) There is a significant difference between the two groups on the posttest scores when the effects of the pretest scores are controlled. 
B) There is a significant difference between the two groups on the pretest scores when the effects of the posttest scores are controlled. 
C) There are significant differences between the two groups on both the pretest and the posttest scores. 
D) All of these.

Question 7

The F -ratio will increase when the within group variation increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Suppose a study finds a MSBG of 8 and a MSWG o4.The F-Ratio would be:

Accepted Answer

A) 2.0 
B) 0.5 
C) 32.0 
D) 6.0 
A) 2.0 
B) 0.5 
C) 32.0 
D) 6.0

Question 9

The ANCOVA procedure examines whether there are significant differences among groups on posttest scores when the effects of the pretest scores or other interval or ratio level variables are controlled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A two-factor ANOVA identifies the main effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable as well as any interaction effect between the two of them on the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Suppose a study comparing three group means has 50 cases per group.Which of the following statements is correct about its degrees of freedom (df).

Accepted Answer

A) The between-groups df is 3. 
B) The overall within-groups df is 147. 
C) Each group's within-groups df is 47. 
D) The overall within-groups df is 149. 
A) The between-groups df is 3. 
B) The overall within-groups df is 147. 
C) Each group's within-groups df is 47. 
D) The overall within-groups df is 149.

Question 12

A two-factor ANOVA is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating civilians and combat veterans who have PTSD.Both groups of clients are randomly assigned to receive either exposure therapy or routine care.A significant interaction effect is found in the two-factor ANOVA.Which of the following interpretations is most appropriate in light of these results?

Accepted Answer

A) Exposure therapy is more effective than routine care. 
B) Both routine care and exposure therapy are effective. 
C) The comparative effectiveness of the two treatment conditions varies, depending upon whether the clients are civilians or combat veterans. 
D) Routine care is more effective than exposure therapy. 
A) Exposure therapy is more effective than routine care. 
B) Both routine care and exposure therapy are effective. 
C) The comparative effectiveness of the two treatment conditions varies, depending upon whether the clients are civilians or combat veterans. 
D) Routine care is more effective than exposure therapy.

Question 13

A post hoc test is conducted to make multiple comparisons between the mean scores of three groups of clients in a child guidance center.Group A receives play therapy, only.Group B receives family therapy, only.Group C receives both play and family therapy.The significance level is .05.The p value for the difference between Groups A and B is .66.The p value for the difference between Groups A and C is .01.The p value for the difference between Groups B and C is .01.Which of the following interpretations is most appropriate in light of these results?

Accepted Answer

A) Play therapy and family therapy appear to be equally effective. 
B) Play therapy appears to be effective. 
C) Family therapy appears to be effective. 
D) The combination of play and family therapy appears to be more effective than either play therapy alone or family therapy alone. 
A) Play therapy and family therapy appear to be equally effective. 
B) Play therapy appears to be effective. 
C) Family therapy appears to be effective. 
D) The combination of play and family therapy appears to be more effective than either play therapy alone or family therapy alone.

Question 14

In a study comparing 4 group means, the number of the between groups degrees of freedom is:

Accepted Answer

A) The total sample size. 
B) One. 
C) Three. 
D) Four. 
A) The total sample size. 
B) One. 
C) Three. 
D) Four.

Question 15

It is appropriate to use ANOVA when:

Accepted Answer

A) We want to compare the means of three or more groups. 
B) The dependent variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
C) The dependent variable has three or more categories. 
D) The independent variable is at the ratio level of measurement. 
A) We want to compare the means of three or more groups. 
B) The dependent variable is at the nominal level of measurement. 
C) The dependent variable has three or more categories. 
D) The independent variable is at the ratio level of measurement.

Question 16

Post hoc tests can be employed regardless of whether the F-ratio is significant for the overall data across the multiple groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In a study comparing 4 group means, the F-ratio is statistically significant.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) There is a significant difference between each of the four group means. 
B) There is a significant difference between at least two of the four groups. 
C) The variation within each group is much larger than in results that are not significant. 
D) None of these. 
A) There is a significant difference between each of the four group means. 
B) There is a significant difference between at least two of the four groups. 
C) The variation within each group is much larger than in results that are not significant. 
D) None of these.

Question 18

ANOVA results without post hoc tests tell us only that there is a statistically significant difference somewhere among the multiple groups being compared -- not which particular comparisons of group means are statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The F-ratio:

Accepted Answer

A) Reflects the variation among the means of several groups in relation to the variation within the groups. 
B) Contains a numerator that consists of the variation between the means of each group divided by the between groups degrees of freedom. 
C) Contains a denominator that consists of the variation in the dependent variable among the individual cases within each group divided by the within groups degrees of freedom. 
D) All of these. 
A) Reflects the variation among the means of several groups in relation to the variation within the groups. 
B) Contains a numerator that consists of the variation between the means of each group divided by the between groups degrees of freedom. 
C) Contains a denominator that consists of the variation in the dependent variable among the individual cases within each group divided by the within groups degrees of freedom. 
D) All of these.

ANOVA can be used only when comparing two means.

When evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, it would be appropriate to conduct a multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) when:

The degrees of freedom for the numerator in the F -ratio is one less than the number of groups being compared.

MANOVA should be used when more than one dependent variable is involved in an analysis of variance

It is appropriate to conduct a t-Test separately for each paired comparison in a post hoc test.

An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is conducted for a study using the pretest and posttest scores of two groups.The F-ratio is statistically significant.What does this mean?

The F -ratio will increase when the within group variation increases.

Suppose a study finds a MSBG of 8 and a MSWG o4.The F-Ratio would be:

The ANCOVA procedure examines whether there are significant differences among groups on posttest scores when the effects of the pretest scores or other interval or ratio level variables are controlled.

A two-factor ANOVA identifies the main effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable as well as any interaction effect between the two of them on the dependent variable.

Suppose a study comparing three group means has 50 cases per group.Which of the following statements is correct about its degrees of freedom (df).

In a study comparing 4 group means, the number of the between groups degrees of freedom is:

It is appropriate to use ANOVA when:

Post hoc tests can be employed regardless of whether the F-ratio is significant for the overall data across the multiple groups.

In a study comparing 4 group means, the F-ratio is statistically significant.This means that:

ANOVA results without post hoc tests tell us only that there is a statistically significant difference somewhere among the multiple groups being compared -- not which particular comparisons of group means are statistically significant.

The F-ratio:

Why Study Statistics

Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice

Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms

Frequency Distributions

Graphs and Charts

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Types of Distributions

Z-Scores, Percentiles and Effect Size

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance

Type I and Type Ii Errors

Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships

The T-Test

Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square

Correlation

Regression Analysis

Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs

Filters

Exam 15: Analysis of Variance

ANOVA can be used only when comparing two means.

When evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, it would be appropriate to conduct a multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) when:

The degrees of freedom for the numerator in the F -ratio is one less than the number of groups being compared.

MANOVA should be used when more than one dependent variable is involved in an analysis of variance

It is appropriate to conduct a t-Test separately for each paired comparison in a post hoc test.

An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is conducted for a study using the pretest and posttest scores of two groups.The F-ratio is statistically significant.What does this mean?

The F -ratio will increase when the within group variation increases.

Suppose a study finds a MSBG of 8 and a MSWG o4.The F-Ratio would be:

The ANCOVA procedure examines whether there are significant differences among groups on posttest scores when the effects of the pretest scores or other interval or ratio level variables are controlled.

A two-factor ANOVA identifies the main effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable as well as any interaction effect between the two of them on the dependent variable.

Suppose a study comparing three group means has 50 cases per group.Which of the following statements is correct about its degrees of freedom (df).

In a study comparing 4 group means, the number of the between groups degrees of freedom is:

It is appropriate to use ANOVA when:

Post hoc tests can be employed regardless of whether the F-ratio is significant for the overall data across the multiple groups.

In a study comparing 4 group means, the F-ratio is statistically significant.This means that:

ANOVA results without post hoc tests tell us only that there is a statistically significant difference somewhere among the multiple groups being compared -- not which particular comparisons of group means are statistically significant.

The F-ratio:

Why Study Statistics

Use of Statistics in Evidence-Based Practice

Review of Key Research Methodology Concepts and Terms

Frequency Distributions

Graphs and Charts

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Types of Distributions

Z-Scores, Percentiles and Effect Size

Probability and Sampling Distributions

Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance

Type I and Type Ii Errors

Interpreting the Strength and Importance of Relationships

The T-Test

Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square

Correlation

Regression Analysis

Applications to Single-System Evaluation Designs

Filters