Question 1

In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays of $\lambda$ = 0.500 *10-10 m, a first-order maximum occurred at 5.00$\degree$.Find the crystal plane spacing.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.87 *10-10 m 
B) 1.36 *10-10 m 
C) 6.24 * 10-9 m 
D) 1.93 * 10-9 m 
E) 5.74 * 10-9 m 
A) 2.87 *10-10 m 
B) 1.36 *10-10 m 
C) 6.24 * 10-9 m 
D) 1.93 * 10-9 m 
E) 5.74 * 10-9 m

Question 2

White light is spread out into spectral hues by a diffraction grating.If the grating has 1000 lines per cm, at what angle will red light ($\lambda$ = 640 nm) appear in first order?

Accepted Answer

A) 14.7$\degree$ 
B) 7.35$\degree$ 
C) 17.7$\degree$ 
D) 3.67$\degree$ 
E) 1.84$\degree$ 
A) 14.7$\degree$ 
B) 7.35$\degree$ 
C) 17.7$\degree$ 
D) 3.67$\degree$ 
E) 1.84$\degree$

Question 3

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum.If the width of the slit is decreased:

Accepted Answer

A) the pattern shrinks in size.(central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B) the pattern increases in size.(central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C) it does not affect the size of the pattern. 
D) the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
E) the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
A) the pattern shrinks in size.(central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B) the pattern increases in size.(central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C) it does not affect the size of the pattern. 
D) the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
E) the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width.

Question 4

A beam of X-rays of different frequencies is reflected at 10 degrees off a crystal of interatomic spacing 0.2 nm.Which X-ray wavelength is preferentially reflected?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.0943 nm 
B) 0.139 nm 
C) 0.069 5 nm 
D) 1.02 * 10-10 m 
E) 3.47 * 10-11 m 
A) 0.0943 nm 
B) 0.139 nm 
C) 0.069 5 nm 
D) 1.02 * 10-10 m 
E) 3.47 * 10-11 m

Question 5

A ruby laser beam ($\lambda$= 694.3 nm) is sent outwards from a 2.7-m diameter telescope to the moon, 384 000 km away.What is the radius of the big red spot on the moon?

Accepted Answer

A) 500 m 
B) 250 m 
C) 120 m 
D) 1.0 km 
E) 2.7 km 
A) 500 m 
B) 250 m 
C) 120 m 
D) 1.0 km 
E) 2.7 km

Question 6

When you look through a sheer curtain at a distant street lamp, you see a pattern of coloured spots of light.This occurs by:

Accepted Answer

A) polarisation of light in scattering and partial absorption by the threads. 
B) interference of light waves that pass through the threads with light waves that pass through the openings between the threads. 
C) refraction of light waves differentially in the cylindrical threads. 
D) diffraction of light waves passing through the two dimensional pattern of openings between the threads. 
E) reflection of light waves by the sides of the threads. 
A) polarisation of light in scattering and partial absorption by the threads. 
B) interference of light waves that pass through the threads with light waves that pass through the openings between the threads. 
C) refraction of light waves differentially in the cylindrical threads. 
D) diffraction of light waves passing through the two dimensional pattern of openings between the threads. 
E) reflection of light waves by the sides of the threads.

Question 7

Helium-neon laser light ($\lambda$= 6.33 * 10-7 m) is sent through a 0.30 mm-wide single slit.What is the width of the central maximum on a screen 1.0 m from the slit?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.0 cm 
B) 4.2 mm 
C) 1.1 cm 
D) 2.0 mm 
E) 0.70 mm 
A) 2.0 cm 
B) 4.2 mm 
C) 1.1 cm 
D) 2.0 mm 
E) 0.70 mm

Question 8

If the polarising angle (the angle at which reflected light is completely plane polarised) of a flat piece of sapphire is 60.5$\degree$, what is its index of refraction?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.97 
B) 1.77 
C) 1.59 
D) 2.36 
E) 1.82 
A) 1.97 
B) 1.77 
C) 1.59 
D) 2.36 
E) 1.82

Question 9

The polarising angle in air for diamond is 67.4$\degree$.Calculate the critical angle inside the diamond for total internal reflection.

Accepted Answer

A) 32.6$\degree$ 
B) 22.6$\degree$ 
C) 24.6$\degree$ 
D) 28.6$\degree$ 
E) 48.8$\degree$ 
A) 32.6$\degree$ 
B) 22.6$\degree$ 
C) 24.6$\degree$ 
D) 28.6$\degree$ 
E) 48.8$\degree$

Question 10

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum.If the width of the slit is increased:

Accepted Answer

A) the pattern shrinks in size.(central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B) the pattern increases in size.(central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C) it does not affect the size of the pattern. 
D) the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
E) the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
A) the pattern shrinks in size.(central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B) the pattern increases in size.(central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C) it does not affect the size of the pattern. 
D) the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
E) the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width.

Question 11

A radar installation operates at 9000 MHz with an antenna (dish) that is 15 metres across.Determine the maximum distance (in kilometres) for which this system can distinguish two aircraft 100 metres apart.

Accepted Answer

A) 7.4 km 
B) 370 km 
C) 3700 m 
D) 37 km 
E) 740 km 
A) 7.4 km 
B) 370 km 
C) 3700 m 
D) 37 km 
E) 740 km

Question 12

You could determine the index of refraction for visible light of a dark but reflective medium such as black glass by measuring the:

Accepted Answer

A) angles of incidence and refraction. 
B) angle of reflection for an arbitrary angle of incidence. 
C) angle at which reflected light is completely polarised. 
D) smallest angle at which X-ray diffraction occurs in the glass. 
E) smallest angle at which diffraction occurs for visible light when a diffraction pattern is scratched onto the surface. 
A) angles of incidence and refraction. 
B) angle of reflection for an arbitrary angle of incidence. 
C) angle at which reflected light is completely polarised. 
D) smallest angle at which X-ray diffraction occurs in the glass. 
E) smallest angle at which diffraction occurs for visible light when a diffraction pattern is scratched onto the surface.

Question 13

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum.If the wavelength of the light is increased:

Accepted Answer

A) the pattern shrinks in size.(central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B) the pattern increases in size.(central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C) it does not affect the size of the pattern. 
D) the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
E) the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
A) the pattern shrinks in size.(central maximum less wide; other maxima in closer to it) 
B) the pattern increases in size.(central maximum wider; other maxima farther from it) 
C) it does not affect the size of the pattern. 
D) the width of the central maximum increases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width. 
E) the width of the central maximum decreases, but the other maxima do not change in position or width.

Question 14

Monochromatic light from a He-Ne laser ($\lambda$= 632.8 nm) is incident on a diffraction grating containing 5000 lines/cm.Determine the angle of the first-order maximum.

Accepted Answer

A) 18.4$\degree$ 
B) 39.2$\degree$ 
C) 14.6$\degree$ 
D) 27.7$\degree$ 
E) 13.9$\degree$ 
A) 18.4$\degree$ 
B) 39.2$\degree$ 
C) 14.6$\degree$ 
D) 27.7$\degree$ 
E) 13.9$\degree$

Question 15

If the polarising angle for cubic zirconia (zirconium oxide) is 65.6$\degree$, what is the index of refraction of the material?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.84 
B) 2.00 
C) 2.20 
D) 2.43 
E) 1.17 
A) 1.84 
B) 2.00 
C) 2.20 
D) 2.43 
E) 1.17

Question 16

Each pattern shown below would appear on a screen when monochromatic light first passes through a narrow slit of width a and then strikes a screen.The darkest areas on the page represent the brightest areas on the screen.In which case is the slit illuminated with light of the longest wavelength?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 17

A diffraction grating with 4000 lines/cm is illuminated by light from the sun.The solar spectrum is spread out on a white wall across the room.At what angle from the centre line does blue light (400 nm) appear? At what angle from the centre line does red light (650 nm) appear?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A diffraction grating with 4000 lines/cm is...

Question 18

Each pattern shown below would appear on a screen when monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ first passes through a narrow slit of width a and then strikes a screen.The darkest areas on the page represent the brightest areas on the screen.In which case does the slit have the narrowest width?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 19

Polarised light is to have its polarisation plane rotated by 90$\degree$.In which of the following cases does the final beam have the greatest intensity?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 polarising filters, each rotate beam by 30$\degree$. 
B) 2 polarising filters, both rotate beam by 45$\degree$. 
C) 1 polarising filter, rotating beam by 90$\degree$. 
D) None of the above, polarised light can't be rotated. 
A) 3 polarising filters, each rotate beam by 30$\degree$. 
B) 2 polarising filters, both rotate beam by 45$\degree$. 
C) 1 polarising filter, rotating beam by 90$\degree$. 
D) None of the above, polarised light can't be rotated.

Question 20

At what distance could one theoretically distinguish two automobile headlights separated by 1.5 metres? Assume a pupil diameter of 0.50 cm and yellow headlights seen at the wavelength 5.0 * 10-7 m.Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

Accepted Answer

A) 6.0 km 
B) 12 km 
C) 9.0 km 
D) 3.0 km 
E) 16 km 
A) 6.0 km 
B) 12 km 
C) 9.0 km 
D) 3.0 km 
E) 16 km

Exam 16: Diffraction Patterns and Polarisation

In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays of λ\lambdaλ = 0.500 *10-10 m, a first-order maximum occurred at 5.00 °\degree° .Find the crystal plane spacing.

White light is spread out into spectral hues by a diffraction grating.If the grating has 1000 lines per cm, at what angle will red light ( λ\lambdaλ = 640 nm) appear in first order?

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum.If the width of the slit is decreased:

A beam of X-rays of different frequencies is reflected at 10 degrees off a crystal of interatomic spacing 0.2 nm.Which X-ray wavelength is preferentially reflected?

A ruby laser beam ( λ\lambdaλ = 694.3 nm) is sent outwards from a 2.7-m diameter telescope to the moon, 384 000 km away.What is the radius of the big red spot on the moon?

When you look through a sheer curtain at a distant street lamp, you see a pattern of coloured spots of light.This occurs by:

Helium-neon laser light ( λ\lambdaλ = 6.33 * 10-7 m) is sent through a 0.30 mm-wide single slit.What is the width of the central maximum on a screen 1.0 m from the slit?

If the polarising angle (the angle at which reflected light is completely plane polarised) of a flat piece of sapphire is 60.5 °\degree° , what is its index of refraction?

The polarising angle in air for diamond is 67.4 °\degree° .Calculate the critical angle inside the diamond for total internal reflection.

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum.If the width of the slit is increased:

A radar installation operates at 9000 MHz with an antenna (dish) that is 15 metres across.Determine the maximum distance (in kilometres) for which this system can distinguish two aircraft 100 metres apart.

You could determine the index of refraction for visible light of a dark but reflective medium such as black glass by measuring the:

When you look at a single slit diffraction pattern produced on a screen by light of a single wavelength, you see a bright central maximum and a number of maxima on either side, their intensity decreasing with distance from the central maximum.If the wavelength of the light is increased:

Monochromatic light from a He-Ne laser ( λ\lambdaλ = 632.8 nm) is incident on a diffraction grating containing 5000 lines/cm.Determine the angle of the first-order maximum.

If the polarising angle for cubic zirconia (zirconium oxide) is 65.6 °\degree° , what is the index of refraction of the material?

Each pattern shown below would appear on a screen when monochromatic light first passes through a narrow slit of width a and then strikes a screen.The darkest areas on the page represent the brightest areas on the screen.In which case is the slit illuminated with light of the longest wavelength?

A diffraction grating with 4000 lines/cm is illuminated by light from the sun.The solar spectrum is spread out on a white wall across the room.At what angle from the centre line does blue light (400 nm) appear? At what angle from the centre line does red light (650 nm) appear?

Polarised light is to have its polarisation plane rotated by 90 °\degree° .In which of the following cases does the final beam have the greatest intensity?

At what distance could one theoretically distinguish two automobile headlights separated by 1.5 metres? Assume a pupil diameter of 0.50 cm and yellow headlights seen at the wavelength 5.0 * 10-7 m.Assume eye fluid has an average n = 1.33.

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In an X-ray diffraction experiment using X-rays of $\lambda$ = 0.500 *10-10 m, a first-order maximum occurred at 5.00 $\degree$ .Find the crystal plane spacing.

White light is spread out into spectral hues by a diffraction grating.If the grating has 1000 lines per cm, at what angle will red light ( $\lambda$ = 640 nm) appear in first order?

A ruby laser beam ( $\lambda$ = 694.3 nm) is sent outwards from a 2.7-m diameter telescope to the moon, 384 000 km away.What is the radius of the big red spot on the moon?

Helium-neon laser light ( $\lambda$ = 6.33 * 10-7 m) is sent through a 0.30 mm-wide single slit.What is the width of the central maximum on a screen 1.0 m from the slit?

If the polarising angle (the angle at which reflected light is completely plane polarised) of a flat piece of sapphire is 60.5 $\degree$ , what is its index of refraction?

The polarising angle in air for diamond is 67.4 $\degree$ .Calculate the critical angle inside the diamond for total internal reflection.

Monochromatic light from a He-Ne laser ( $\lambda$ = 632.8 nm) is incident on a diffraction grating containing 5000 lines/cm.Determine the angle of the first-order maximum.

If the polarising angle for cubic zirconia (zirconium oxide) is 65.6 $\degree$ , what is the index of refraction of the material?

Polarised light is to have its polarisation plane rotated by 90 $\degree$ .In which of the following cases does the final beam have the greatest intensity?