Question 1

Galton's personal conviction that differences in intellectual ability are largely innate arose in part because

Accepted Answer

A)  in school he found himself easily surpassing other students who came from much more privileged backgrounds than himself. 
B)  in school he found that he could not compete successfully against the very top students, despite his own privileged background. 
C)  he observed that the top scientists tended to come from specific countries. 
D)  males tended to outperform females in academic tasks. 
A)  in school he found himself easily surpassing other students who came from much more privileged backgrounds than himself. 
B)  in school he found that he could not compete successfully against the very top students, despite his own privileged background. 
C)  he observed that the top scientists tended to come from specific countries. 
D)  males tended to outperform females in academic tasks. B

Question 2

Match the definition with the term.
-scatter plot

Accepted Answer

A) a bell-shaped curve representing measurements in which more scores fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes 
B) a grid in which the scores for two variables can be plotted against each other 
C) a mathematical means of measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variables 
A) a bell-shaped curve representing measurements in which more scores fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes 
B) a grid in which the scores for two variables can be plotted against each other 
C) a mathematical means of measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variables B

Question 3

What was Karl Pearson's contribution to statistical correlation and regression?

Accepted Answer

Pearson refined Galton's ideas about correlation and regression and developed a convenient formula for calculating a "product-moment correlation coefficient," also referred to as Pearson's r.The technique also allowed correlation to be extended to cover negative relationships.

Question 4

Match the definition with the term.
-twin-study method

Accepted Answer

A) recording the first reactions that come to mind following the random presentation of stimulus words 
B) the distribution of a standard set of questions to a large sample of respondents 
C) the investigation of the characteristics of adult monozygotic twins raised in dif-ferent adoptive environments 
D) the investigation the similarities and differences between different categories of twin pairs 
A) recording the first reactions that come to mind following the random presentation of stimulus words 
B) the distribution of a standard set of questions to a large sample of respondents 
C) the investigation of the characteristics of adult monozygotic twins raised in dif-ferent adoptive environments 
D) the investigation the similarities and differences between different categories of twin pairs

Question 5

Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries was important for all the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it showed the importance of environmental factors such as climate, government, and religious institutions in producing eminent scientists. 
B)  it stimulated Galton to do the research for English Men of Science. 
C)  it fully supported the strongly hereditarian position of Hereditary Genius. 
D)  its criticism of many popular uses of the word nature inspired Galton to propose the phrase nature and nurture. 
A)  it showed the importance of environmental factors such as climate, government, and religious institutions in producing eminent scientists. 
B)  it stimulated Galton to do the research for English Men of Science. 
C)  it fully supported the strongly hereditarian position of Hereditary Genius. 
D)  its criticism of many popular uses of the word nature inspired Galton to propose the phrase nature and nurture.

Question 6

Match the controversy with the individual.
-Cyril Burt

Accepted Answer

A) He published studies of twin pairs reared apart,now discredited but supposedly conducted under nearly ideal scientific conditions,and suggesting a heritability of IQ is as high as .8. 
B) He hypothesized that the average IQ difference between African American and white Americans is significantly determined by genetic factors. 
C) His idea for eugenics,initially envisioned as a positive program to promote breed-ing by the gifted,was later taken up in negative programs designed to eliminate breeding by the unfit. 
A) He published studies of twin pairs reared apart,now discredited but supposedly conducted under nearly ideal scientific conditions,and suggesting a heritability of IQ is as high as .8. 
B) He hypothesized that the average IQ difference between African American and white Americans is significantly determined by genetic factors. 
C) His idea for eugenics,initially envisioned as a positive program to promote breed-ing by the gifted,was later taken up in negative programs designed to eliminate breeding by the unfit.

Question 7

Match the definition with the term.
-coefficient of correlation

Accepted Answer

A) derived by following a convenient formula for computing product moment corre-lation coefficients,which can also account for negative relationships 
B) a numerically precise value of the strength of a relationship between two variables 
C) the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be associated with less extreme scores on another variable 
A) derived by following a convenient formula for computing product moment corre-lation coefficients,which can also account for negative relationships 
B) a numerically precise value of the strength of a relationship between two variables 
C) the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be associated with less extreme scores on another variable

Question 8

Why was Arthur Jensen's work controversial?

Accepted Answer

When studying the effectiveness of Opera

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of Francis Galton's early life?

Accepted Answer

A)  He could read and write before the age of 3. 
B)  He quoted from the Iliad and the Odyssey by the age of 6. 
C)  He enrolled as a medical student at Birmingham General Hospital when he was 16. 
D)  He earned the title of senior "wrangler" on the Mathematical Tripos Examination at age 18. 
A)  He could read and write before the age of 3. 
B)  He quoted from the Iliad and the Odyssey by the age of 6. 
C)  He enrolled as a medical student at Birmingham General Hospital when he was 16. 
D)  He earned the title of senior "wrangler" on the Mathematical Tripos Examination at age 18.

Question 10

When there is a complete absence of a relationship between two variables,the regression line representing that relationship will be

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal. 
B)  45 degrees from the horizontal. 
C)  U-shaped. 
D)  irregular and curved. 
A)  horizontal. 
B)  45 degrees from the horizontal. 
C)  U-shaped. 
D)  irregular and curved.

Question 11

Match the definition with the term.
-normal distribution

Accepted Answer

A) a bell-shaped curve representing measurements in which more scores fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes 
B) a grid in which the scores for two variables can be plotted against each other 
C) a mathematical means of measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variables 
A) a bell-shaped curve representing measurements in which more scores fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes 
B) a grid in which the scores for two variables can be plotted against each other 
C) a mathematical means of measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variables

Question 12

In the 1960s British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt published a study on separated twins indicating that nature was much more important than nurture in determining intelligence.All of the following statements about Burt's study are true EXCEPT it

Accepted Answer

A)  temporarily tipped the balance of informed opinion toward the hereditarian view. 
B)  was influenced by the ideas of Galton. 
C)  was later found to be deeply flawed and perhaps fraudulent. 
D)  introduced new research techniques that have continued to be employed in later twin studies. 
A)  temporarily tipped the balance of informed opinion toward the hereditarian view. 
B)  was influenced by the ideas of Galton. 
C)  was later found to be deeply flawed and perhaps fraudulent. 
D)  introduced new research techniques that have continued to be employed in later twin studies.

Question 13

If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?

Accepted Answer

A)  10ᵗʰ tallest and 11ᵗʰ tallest 
B)  49ᵗʰ tallest and 50ᵗʰ tallest 
C)  shortest to second shortest 
D)  The differences between all adjacent pairs will be about the same. 
A)  10ᵗʰ tallest and 11ᵗʰ tallest 
B)  49ᵗʰ tallest and 50ᵗʰ tallest 
C)  shortest to second shortest 
D)  The differences between all adjacent pairs will be about the same.

Question 14

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  an uncle who taught him elementary statistics. 
B)  a phrenologist who told him his brain and intelligence were naturally better suited to practical than to academic pursuits. 
C)  a minister who convinced him to pursue altruistic goals. 
D)  his grandfather Erasmus Darwin, who taught him evolution. 
A)  an uncle who taught him elementary statistics. 
B)  a phrenologist who told him his brain and intelligence were naturally better suited to practical than to academic pursuits. 
C)  a minister who convinced him to pursue altruistic goals. 
D)  his grandfather Erasmus Darwin, who taught him evolution.

Question 15

When measurements such as height and weight are collected from large populations,the collective data will invariably show all of the following features EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  many more measurements that fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes. 
B)  individual scores most widely separated from each other at the extremes. 
C)  it will demonstrate the effect called regression towards the mean. 
D)  it will arrange itself into a bell-shaped distribution. 
A)  many more measurements that fall in the middle ranges than at the extremes. 
B)  individual scores most widely separated from each other at the extremes. 
C)  it will demonstrate the effect called regression towards the mean. 
D)  it will arrange itself into a bell-shaped distribution.

Question 16

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician.All of the following are true about this study EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  there was a positive correlation between the twins' IQ, indicating a significant role for heredity. 
B)  those twin pairs who had been most completely separated and reared in different environments showed the greatest IQ differences, indicating a significant role for environment. 
C)  it was difficult to find identical twin pairs who had been fully separated. 
D)  the study involved more than 100 twin pairs. 
A)  there was a positive correlation between the twins' IQ, indicating a significant role for heredity. 
B)  those twin pairs who had been most completely separated and reared in different environments showed the greatest IQ differences, indicating a significant role for environment. 
C)  it was difficult to find identical twin pairs who had been fully separated. 
D)  the study involved more than 100 twin pairs.

Question 17

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 anthropometric laboratory was the

Accepted Answer

A)  crudity of his measuring instruments. 
B)  small number of subjects on which they were tried. 
C)  underlying assumption of a strong correlation between practical intelligence and sensory acuity. 
D)  statistical methods by which he analyzed his results. 
A)  crudity of his measuring instruments. 
B)  small number of subjects on which they were tried. 
C)  underlying assumption of a strong correlation between practical intelligence and sensory acuity. 
D)  statistical methods by which he analyzed his results.

Question 18

Arthur Jensen's analysis of the effectiveness of compensatory education programs for inner-city children arose especially great controversy because it

Accepted Answer

A)  suggested the programs had not worked as well as hoped. 
B)  hypothesized that racial differences may have played a role in the disappointing performance of African American children. 
C)  questioned the value of early education in mathematics. 
D)  questioned the competence of the people who teach in inner city environments. 
A)  suggested the programs had not worked as well as hoped. 
B)  hypothesized that racial differences may have played a role in the disappointing performance of African American children. 
C)  questioned the value of early education in mathematics. 
D)  questioned the competence of the people who teach in inner city environments.

Question 19

After adopting the concept of "nature and nurture" Galton argued that

Accepted Answer

A)  in general nature is more important than nurture. 
B)  the two factors are equal in importance. 
C)  in general nurture is more important than nature. 
D)  the two factors interact in such complex ways that it is impossible to separate their effects. 
A)  in general nature is more important than nurture. 
B)  the two factors are equal in importance. 
C)  in general nurture is more important than nature. 
D)  the two factors interact in such complex ways that it is impossible to separate their effects.

Question 20

Match the definition with the term.
-regression toward the mean

Accepted Answer

A) derived by following a convenient formula for computing product moment corre-lation coefficients,which can also account for negative relationships 
B) a numerically precise value of the strength of a relationship between two variables 
C) the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be associated with less extreme scores on another variable 
A) derived by following a convenient formula for computing product moment corre-lation coefficients,which can also account for negative relationships 
B) a numerically precise value of the strength of a relationship between two variables 
C) the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be associated with less extreme scores on another variable

Galton's personal conviction that differences in intellectual ability are largely innate arose in part because

Match the definition with the term. -scatter plot

What was Karl Pearson's contribution to statistical correlation and regression?

Match the definition with the term. -twin-study method

Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries was important for all the following reasons EXCEPT

Match the controversy with the individual. -Cyril Burt

Match the definition with the term. -coefficient of correlation

Why was Arthur Jensen's work controversial?

Which of the following is NOT true of Francis Galton's early life?

When there is a complete absence of a relationship between two variables,the regression line representing that relationship will be

Match the definition with the term. -normal distribution

In the 1960s British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt published a study on separated twins indicating that nature was much more important than nurture in determining intelligence.All of the following statements about Burt's study are true EXCEPT it

If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by

When measurements such as height and weight are collected from large populations,the collective data will invariably show all of the following features EXCEPT

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician.All of the following are true about this study EXCEPT

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 anthropometric laboratory was the

Arthur Jensen's analysis of the effectiveness of compensatory education programs for inner-city children arose especially great controversy because it

After adopting the concept of "nature and nurture" Galton argued that

Match the definition with the term. -regression toward the mean

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters

Exam 8: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences

Galton's personal conviction that differences in intellectual ability are largely innate arose in part because

Match the definition with the term. -scatter plot

What was Karl Pearson's contribution to statistical correlation and regression?

Match the definition with the term. -twin-study method

Swiss botanist Alphonse de Candolle's 1872 book History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries was important for all the following reasons EXCEPT

Match the controversy with the individual. -Cyril Burt

Match the definition with the term. -coefficient of correlation

Why was Arthur Jensen's work controversial?

Which of the following is NOT true of Francis Galton's early life?

When there is a complete absence of a relationship between two variables,the regression line representing that relationship will be

Match the definition with the term. -normal distribution

In the 1960s British psychologist Sir Cyril Burt published a study on separated twins indicating that nature was much more important than nurture in determining intelligence.All of the following statements about Burt's study are true EXCEPT it

If we randomly select 100 people and arrange them in order of height,which of the following pairs will probably show the greatest differences between their two heights?

As a young man,Francis Galton was profoundly influenced by

When measurements such as height and weight are collected from large populations,the collective data will invariably show all of the following features EXCEPT

The first major study of separated twins was done in 1937 by a biologist,a psychologist,and a statistician.All of the following are true about this study EXCEPT

A flaw in Galton's tests of intelligence at the 1884 anthropometric laboratory was the

Arthur Jensen's analysis of the effectiveness of compensatory education programs for inner-city children arose especially great controversy because it

After adopting the concept of "nature and nurture" Galton argued that

Match the definition with the term. -regression toward the mean

Introduction: Studying the History of Psychology

Foundational Ideas from Antiquity

Pioneering Philosophers of Mind: Descartes, Locke, and Leibniz

Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield

The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant through the Gestalt Psychologists

Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology

The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy

American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Psychology as the Science of Behavior: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond

Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors

Psychology Gets “Personality”: Allport, Maslow, and the Broadening Field

The Developing Mind: Binet, Piaget, and the Study of Intelligence

Minds, Machines, and Cognitive Psychology

Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

The Art and Science of Clinical Psychology

Filters