Exam 2: How Probation Developed Chronicling Its Past and Present

When the court enters an order after the verdict, finding, or plea that postpones the imposition, or execution, of sentence during the good behavior of the offender, it is known as a(n) ________________________.

In 1898, Vermont became the second state to pass a probation statute and adopted a county plan of organization. ​

Statewide probation was first sanctified by statute in which of the following states in 1878?

In 1984, the Comprehensive Crime Control Act abolished federal parole and brought all supervised prison releasees under the judicial control of federal probation departments. ​

Federal probation was authorized in 1925 when President Coolidge signed the ____________________.

The National Probation Act was signed into law by

It is generally agreed that the first true probation law was enacted in the United States in 1878 and grew out of the work of ________________, who is credited with being a "founder of probation" in America.

A(n) _____ is a court order after a verdict, finding, or guilty plea that suspends or postpones an imposition or execution of a sentence during a period of good behavior. ​

_____________ are contractual agreements that assures county governments that they will receive state funding for its community-based correctional programs. ​

A monetary penalty imposed arbitrarily by the court in punishment for an offense is known as a(n) _____.

The most common description of the average U.S. probationers today can easily be described as an adult male who has been convicted of a drug or alcohol violation.

In 1916, the U.S. Supreme Court resolved the issue of whether the courts had the power to indefinitely suspend sentences in which of the following cases?

From the 1700s to the early 1800s, children were disciplined and punished for crimes ​

Juvenile probation was formed under English common law and the doctrine of ____________, which is a Latin term for the doctrine that "the state is parent" and therefore serves as guardian of juveniles who might not be able to fend for themselves.

The "justice model of supervision" that took place from 1982 to 2000 utilized an escalated system of sanctions that corresponded to the level of social harm that resulted from an offender's actions. ​

________________ as it is practiced today was devised to avoid the mechanical application of the harsh penal codes of earlier times.

In early British criminal law, punishments consisted primarily of ​

_________________________ are statewide agreements through which funds are granted to local governments to develop and deliver community correctional sanctions and services.

Commonwealth v. Chase (1831) is often cited as an early example of how corporal punishment was first used in the United States. ​

What are community corrections acts and why are they so advantageous to local-level agencies that provide correctional supervision in their respective communities?