Question 1

SCOTUS has held that fitting a drug-courier profile is itself enough to furnish reasonable suspicion. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following activities cannot be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?

Accepted Answer

A) a dog sniff 
B) a cavity search 
C) a pocket check 
D) a wallet search 
A) a dog sniff 
B) a cavity search 
C) a pocket check 
D) a wallet search

Question 3

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Frisks are:

Accepted Answer

A) the most invasive type of search. ​ 
B) not considered invasions of privacy. 
C) always allowed following a stop. 
D) the least invasive type of search. 
A) the most invasive type of search. ​ 
B) not considered invasions of privacy. 
C) always allowed following a stop. 
D) the least invasive type of search.

Question 5

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

Accepted Answer

A) requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government's need for the intrusion. 
B) prohibits the police from making intrusions simply to prevent crimes that may happen. 
C) does not require the court to weigh the degree of intrusion, as long as there is a factual foundation for the intrusion. 
D) does not require a factual foundation to support stops involving serious crimes. 
A) requires courts to weigh the degree of intrusion against the government's need for the intrusion. 
B) prohibits the police from making intrusions simply to prevent crimes that may happen. 
C) does not require the court to weigh the degree of intrusion, as long as there is a factual foundation for the intrusion. 
D) does not require a factual foundation to support stops involving serious crimes.

Question 6

The U.S. Constitution requires police officers to have an objective basis to back up unwanted interferences with individuals' rights to liberty and privacy. What objective basis is required for an arrest?

Accepted Answer

A) a hunch 
B) reasonable suspicion 
C) probable cause 
D) No objective basis is required for an arrest. 
A) a hunch 
B) reasonable suspicion 
C) probable cause 
D) No objective basis is required for an arrest.

Question 7

Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain. ​

Accepted Answer

An anonymous tip can provide reasonable

Question 8

In Florida v. J.L. (2000), what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip about a man with a gun?

Accepted Answer

A) The informant would have to be identified before the police could act. 
B) A stop and frisk was justified in the interests of public safety. 
C) An anonymous tip lacking any indication of reliability does not justify a stop and frisk, even though it did allege the illegal possession of a firearm. 
D) A stop and frisk would be permissible as long as the police could verify the information. 
A) The informant would have to be identified before the police could act. 
B) A stop and frisk was justified in the interests of public safety. 
C) An anonymous tip lacking any indication of reliability does not justify a stop and frisk, even though it did allege the illegal possession of a firearm. 
D) A stop and frisk would be permissible as long as the police could verify the information.

Question 9

In Illinois v. Lidster (2004), SCOTUS held that:

Accepted Answer

A) a DUI checkpoint was constitutional. 
B) a drug interdiction information checkpoint was constitutional. 
C) a sexual assault information checkpoint was constitutional. 
D) a hit-and-run information checkpoint was constitutional. 
A) a DUI checkpoint was constitutional. 
B) a drug interdiction information checkpoint was constitutional. 
C) a sexual assault information checkpoint was constitutional. 
D) a hit-and-run information checkpoint was constitutional.

Question 10

Categorical suspicion: ​

Accepted Answer

A) can be sufficient in itself to amount to reasonable suspicion. 
B) can be sufficient as long as the category in which the suspect falls is not based on race or ethnicity. 
C) can be one of the factors in the entire picture of reasonable suspicion. 
D) is sufficient in itself, if officers can establish the stop occurred in a high-crime area. 
A) can be sufficient in itself to amount to reasonable suspicion. 
B) can be sufficient as long as the category in which the suspect falls is not based on race or ethnicity. 
C) can be one of the factors in the entire picture of reasonable suspicion. 
D) is sufficient in itself, if officers can establish the stop occurred in a high-crime area.

Question 11

Identify the three possible alternatives for applying the Fourth Amendment to stops and frisks, and explain why SCOTUS adopted alternative three.

Accepted Answer

There are three possible interpretations

Question 12

According to SCOTUS in Michigan v. Sitz (1990), involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:

Accepted Answer

A) is not a stop. 
B) is a stop, but it is not covered by the Fourth Amendment. 
C) is a stop to which the Fourth Amendment applies. 
D) requires probable cause that someone in the car has committed a crime. 
A) is not a stop. 
B) is a stop, but it is not covered by the Fourth Amendment. 
C) is a stop to which the Fourth Amendment applies. 
D) requires probable cause that someone in the car has committed a crime.

Question 13

Facts that police learn not from their observation but from what other people tell them are called _______________ _______________ . ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Facts that police learn not from their...

Question 14

The objective basis required for making a lawful stop is _______________ _______________ . ​

Accepted Answer

reasonable

Question 15

Does unprovoked flight plus a high-crime area equal reasonable suspicion? Explain your response. ​

Accepted Answer

Unprovoked flight from police officers i

Question 16

According to SCOTUS's opinion in U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), involving the detention of a traveler at the border, the standard of evidence necessary to detain a traveler at the border, beyond the scope of a routine custom search and inspection, is:

Accepted Answer

A) probable cause. 
B) no evidence at all, because the Fourth Amendment does not apply at the border. 
C) a clear indication of illegal activity. 
D) reasonable suspicion. 
A) probable cause. 
B) no evidence at all, because the Fourth Amendment does not apply at the border. 
C) a clear indication of illegal activity. 
D) reasonable suspicion.

Question 17

The method of analysis that considers the Fourth Amendment's two clauses as being separate and addressing different problems is the _______________ _______________ _______________ approach. ​

Accepted Answer

reasonable

Question 18

Reasonable suspicion can never be based on hearsay information. ​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following circumstances provides the most support for an automatic frisk?

Accepted Answer

A) possession of marijuana ​ 
B) shoplifting 
C) armed robbery 
D) vagrancy 
A) possession of marijuana ​ 
B) shoplifting 
C) armed robbery 
D) vagrancy

Question 20

Another name for the totality-of-circumstances test is the _______________   _______________ test. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another name for the totality-of-circumstances test is...

SCOTUS has held that fitting a drug-courier profile is itself enough to furnish reasonable suspicion.

Which of the following activities cannot be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.

Frisks are:

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

The U.S. Constitution requires police officers to have an objective basis to back up unwanted interferences with individuals' rights to liberty and privacy. What objective basis is required for an arrest?

Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain.

In Florida v. J.L. (2000), what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip about a man with a gun?

In Illinois v. Lidster (2004), SCOTUS held that:

Categorical suspicion:

Identify the three possible alternatives for applying the Fourth Amendment to stops and frisks, and explain why SCOTUS adopted alternative three.

According to SCOTUS in Michigan v. Sitz (1990), involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:

Facts that police learn not from their observation but from what other people tell them are called _ _ .

The objective basis required for making a lawful stop is _ _ .

Does unprovoked flight plus a high-crime area equal reasonable suspicion? Explain your response.

According to SCOTUS's opinion in U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), involving the detention of a traveler at the border, the standard of evidence necessary to detain a traveler at the border, beyond the scope of a routine custom search and inspection, is:

The method of analysis that considers the Fourth Amendment's two clauses as being separate and addressing different problems is the _______ _ _________ approach.

Reasonable suspicion can never be based on hearsay information.

Which of the following circumstances provides the most support for an automatic frisk?

Another name for the totality-of-circumstances test is the _ _ test.

Criminal Procedure and the Constitution

Searches and Seizures

Seizure of Persons Arrest

Searches for Evidence

Special Needs Searches

Self Incrimination

Identification Procedures

Remedies for Constitutional Violations I the Exclusionary Rule

Constitutional Violations II Other Remedies Against Official Misconduct

Court Proceedings I Before Trial

Court Proceedings II Trial and Conviction

After Conviction Sentencing Appeals and Habeas Corpus

Criminal Procedure in Times of Crisis

Filters

Exam 4: Stop and Frisk

SCOTUS has held that fitting a drug-courier profile is itself enough to furnish reasonable suspicion. ​

Which of the following activities cannot be conducted as a matter of routine at an international border stop?

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury. ​

Frisks are:

The balancing approach to reasonableness:

The U.S. Constitution requires police officers to have an objective basis to back up unwanted interferences with individuals' rights to liberty and privacy. What objective basis is required for an arrest?

Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain. ​

In Florida v. J.L. (2000), what did the court decide with regards to an anonymous tip about a man with a gun?

In Illinois v. Lidster (2004), SCOTUS held that:

Categorical suspicion: ​

Identify the three possible alternatives for applying the Fourth Amendment to stops and frisks, and explain why SCOTUS adopted alternative three.

According to SCOTUS in Michigan v. Sitz (1990), involving sobriety checkpoints, detaining a car briefly at a sobriety checkpoint:

Facts that police learn not from their observation but from what other people tell them are called _______________ _______________ . ​

The objective basis required for making a lawful stop is _______________ _______________ . ​

Does unprovoked flight plus a high-crime area equal reasonable suspicion? Explain your response. ​

According to SCOTUS's opinion in U.S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), involving the detention of a traveler at the border, the standard of evidence necessary to detain a traveler at the border, beyond the scope of a routine custom search and inspection, is:

The method of analysis that considers the Fourth Amendment's two clauses as being separate and addressing different problems is the _______________ _______________ _______________ approach. ​

Reasonable suspicion can never be based on hearsay information. ​

Which of the following circumstances provides the most support for an automatic frisk?

Another name for the totality-of-circumstances test is the _______________ _______________ test. ​

Criminal Procedure and the Constitution

Searches and Seizures

Seizure of Persons Arrest

Searches for Evidence

Special Needs Searches

Self Incrimination

Identification Procedures

Remedies for Constitutional Violations I the Exclusionary Rule

Constitutional Violations II Other Remedies Against Official Misconduct

Court Proceedings I Before Trial

Court Proceedings II Trial and Conviction

After Conviction Sentencing Appeals and Habeas Corpus

Criminal Procedure in Times of Crisis

Filters

SCOTUS has held that fitting a drug-courier profile is itself enough to furnish reasonable suspicion.

The purpose of a frisk is to protect officers or other people from death or injury.

Does an anonymous tip amount to reasonable suspicion? Explain.

Categorical suspicion:

Facts that police learn not from their observation but from what other people tell them are called _ _ .

The objective basis required for making a lawful stop is _ _ .

Does unprovoked flight plus a high-crime area equal reasonable suspicion? Explain your response.

The method of analysis that considers the Fourth Amendment's two clauses as being separate and addressing different problems is the _______ _ _________ approach.

Reasonable suspicion can never be based on hearsay information.

Another name for the totality-of-circumstances test is the _ _ test.