Question 1

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is best described

Accepted Answer

A) by the principle of scaffolding. 
B) as the range between children's present level of skills and knowledge and their potential level with appropriate guidance 
C) as the range between the child's current level of intelligence and potential intelligence if provided with an enriched environment. 
D) as the child's zone of equilibrium or range of potential development based on current level of intelligence. 
E) as the range between the child's proximal and distal level of abilities. 
A) by the principle of scaffolding. 
B) as the range between children's present level of skills and knowledge and their potential level with appropriate guidance 
C) as the range between the child's current level of intelligence and potential intelligence if provided with an enriched environment. 
D) as the child's zone of equilibrium or range of potential development based on current level of intelligence. 
E) as the range between the child's proximal and distal level of abilities.

Question 2

By the end of the first year of life, Evana has mastered the most difficult balancing problem ever to be encountered in her life. What skill has she mastered?

Accepted Answer

A) walking 
B) crawling 
C) creeping 
D) balancing on one foot 
E) standing without support 
A) walking 
B) crawling 
C) creeping 
D) balancing on one foot 
E) standing without support

Question 3

According to Piaget, a(n)______ is an organized system of mental representations used to understand the world.

Accepted Answer

A) schema 
B) reflex 
C) instinct 
D) operation 
E) hierarchy 
A) schema 
B) reflex 
C) instinct 
D) operation 
E) hierarchy

Question 4

Sixty-five-year-old Pablo is terminally ill with cancer. In terms of the stages of death and dying, how can his family and health care providers best help him?

Accepted Answer

A) Do everything possible to help Pablo avoid the acceptance stage, since this stage represents giving up hope. 
B) Ignore Pablo's depressive state, and make efforts to cheer him up. 
C) Respond back to Pablo's expressions of anger. 
D) Understand the stages, and help Pablo attain a state of final acceptance. 
E) Help Pablo think of ways to bargain, since this will keep his mind off of his pending death. 
A) Do everything possible to help Pablo avoid the acceptance stage, since this stage represents giving up hope. 
B) Ignore Pablo's depressive state, and make efforts to cheer him up. 
C) Respond back to Pablo's expressions of anger. 
D) Understand the stages, and help Pablo attain a state of final acceptance. 
E) Help Pablo think of ways to bargain, since this will keep his mind off of his pending death.

Question 5

The fetal stage of prenatal development lasts from

Accepted Answer

A) conception to week two. 
B) conception to week eight. 
C) implantation to week eight. 
D) week nine through delivery. 
E) week twelve through delivery. 
A) conception to week two. 
B) conception to week eight. 
C) implantation to week eight. 
D) week nine through delivery. 
E) week twelve through delivery.

Question 6

Regarding the effects of teratogens on prenatal development, it appears that

Accepted Answer

A) the embryonic stage is the one most susceptible to major damage to arms and legs from teratogens. 
B) the fetal stage is the one most susceptible to major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
C) the germinal stage is the one most susceptible to major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
D) the amniotic stage is the one most susceptible to major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
E) all of the stages have an equal risk of major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
A) the embryonic stage is the one most susceptible to major damage to arms and legs from teratogens. 
B) the fetal stage is the one most susceptible to major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
C) the germinal stage is the one most susceptible to major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
D) the amniotic stage is the one most susceptible to major structural abnormalities from teratogens. 
E) all of the stages have an equal risk of major structural abnormalities from teratogens.

Question 7

Toma is almost five years old. As he was struggling to learn to tie his shoes, his parents became exasperated with him and bought him shoes with Velcro closures. When he had trouble learning to ride a two-wheeler with training wheels, his parents made him go back to a tricycle. According to Erikson's theory, Toma may end up with a feeling of

Accepted Answer

A) shame. 
B) guilt. 
C) mistrust. 
D) inferiority. 
E) doubt. 
A) shame. 
B) guilt. 
C) mistrust. 
D) inferiority. 
E) doubt.

Question 8

Between birth and adulthood the brain ______ in volume.

Accepted Answer

A) doubles 
B) triples 
C) quadruples 
D) quintuples 
E) sextuples 
A) doubles 
B) triples 
C) quadruples 
D) quintuples 
E) sextuples

Question 9

Define the word reflex and describe six reflexes of young infants.

Accepted Answer

A reflex is an unlearned, automatic resp

Question 10

Preserved intellectual ability in later life is associated with which factor(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) engagement in stimulating activities 
B) general physical health 
C) gender 
D) gender and general physical health 
E) engagement in stimulating activities, general physical health, and openness to new experiences 
A) engagement in stimulating activities 
B) general physical health 
C) gender 
D) gender and general physical health 
E) engagement in stimulating activities, general physical health, and openness to new experiences

Question 11

According to Erikson, psychosocial development in late adulthood centers on the crisis of

Accepted Answer

A) identity vs. role diffusion. 
B) industry vs. inferiority. 
C) intimacy vs. isolation. 
D) ego integrity vs. despair. 
E) generativity vs. stagnation. 
A) identity vs. role diffusion. 
B) industry vs. inferiority. 
C) intimacy vs. isolation. 
D) ego integrity vs. despair. 
E) generativity vs. stagnation.

Question 12

Gloria's family has a large minivan she calls a car. Her grandmother buys a small hybrid that Gloria also calls a car. This is a demonstration of

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) conservation. 
C) assimilation. 
D) accommodation. 
E) irreversibility. 
A) object permanence. 
B) conservation. 
C) assimilation. 
D) accommodation. 
E) irreversibility.

Question 13

Regarding puberty, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Girls enter puberty today at a much earlier age than in previous generations. 
B) On average, puberty lasts about three to four years. 
C) On average, African American girls begin showing signs of puberty earlier than European American girls. 
D) On average, girls begin puberty before boys. 
E) Puberty begins with appearance of primary sex characteristics. 
A) Girls enter puberty today at a much earlier age than in previous generations. 
B) On average, puberty lasts about three to four years. 
C) On average, African American girls begin showing signs of puberty earlier than European American girls. 
D) On average, girls begin puberty before boys. 
E) Puberty begins with appearance of primary sex characteristics.

Question 14

All but which of the following are characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) egocentrism 
B) conservation 
C) irreversibility 
D) centration 
E) animistic thinking 
A) egocentrism 
B) conservation 
C) irreversibility 
D) centration 
E) animistic thinking

Question 15

Summarize Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, including the stage name, approximate ages, and major psychosocial challenge.

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that psychosocial devel

Question 16

Regarding adolescent-parent relationships, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Normal adolescent development includes serious conflicts with parents. 
B) Most adolescents report that they love and respect their parents. 
C) Adolescents and their parents typically express agreement on many of the principal issues in life. 
D) It is normal for teens to have arguments with parents over issues like autonomy and decision making. 
E) Some degree of withdrawal and distancing from the family during adolescence is normal and to be expected. 
A) Normal adolescent development includes serious conflicts with parents. 
B) Most adolescents report that they love and respect their parents. 
C) Adolescents and their parents typically express agreement on many of the principal issues in life. 
D) It is normal for teens to have arguments with parents over issues like autonomy and decision making. 
E) Some degree of withdrawal and distancing from the family during adolescence is normal and to be expected.

Question 17

An influential theory of death and dying was developed by

Accepted Answer

A) Erikson. 
B) Kübler-Ross. 
C) Arnett. 
D) Levinson. 
E) Gilligan. 
A) Erikson. 
B) Kübler-Ross. 
C) Arnett. 
D) Levinson. 
E) Gilligan.

Question 18

How are bonding and attachment different?

Accepted Answer

A) Bonding happens in animals, and attachment happens in humans. 
B) Bonding happens with mothers, while attachment happens with mothers or fathers. 
C) Bonding is the parent's tie to the infant, whereas attachment is the infant's tie to the caregiver. 
D) The environment primarily influences bonding, while attachment is influenced primarily by genetics. 
E) They are not different; they are alternate terms for the same concept. 
A) Bonding happens in animals, and attachment happens in humans. 
B) Bonding happens with mothers, while attachment happens with mothers or fathers. 
C) Bonding is the parent's tie to the infant, whereas attachment is the infant's tie to the caregiver. 
D) The environment primarily influences bonding, while attachment is influenced primarily by genetics. 
E) They are not different; they are alternate terms for the same concept.

Question 19

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has _____ levels, and they are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) 4; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational 
B) 4; identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity 
C) 3; preconventional, conventional, and postconventional 
D) 3; selective optimization, optimism, and self-challenge 
E) 2; care orientation and justice orientation 
A) 4; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational 
B) 4; identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity 
C) 3; preconventional, conventional, and postconventional 
D) 3; selective optimization, optimism, and self-challenge 
E) 2; care orientation and justice orientation

Question 20

The ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) practical intelligence. 
B) fluid intelligence. 
C) applied intelligence. 
D) crystallized intelligence. 
E) emotional intelligence. 
A) practical intelligence. 
B) fluid intelligence. 
C) applied intelligence. 
D) crystallized intelligence. 
E) emotional intelligence.

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is best described

By the end of the first year of life, Evana has mastered the most difficult balancing problem ever to be encountered in her life. What skill has she mastered?

According to Piaget, a(n)______ is an organized system of mental representations used to understand the world.

Sixty-five-year-old Pablo is terminally ill with cancer. In terms of the stages of death and dying, how can his family and health care providers best help him?

The fetal stage of prenatal development lasts from

Regarding the effects of teratogens on prenatal development, it appears that

Between birth and adulthood the brain ______ in volume.

Define the word reflex and describe six reflexes of young infants.

Preserved intellectual ability in later life is associated with which factor(s)?

According to Erikson, psychosocial development in late adulthood centers on the crisis of

Gloria's family has a large minivan she calls a car. Her grandmother buys a small hybrid that Gloria also calls a car. This is a demonstration of

Regarding puberty, which of the following statements is FALSE?

All but which of the following are characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Summarize Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, including the stage name, approximate ages, and major psychosocial challenge.

Regarding adolescent-parent relationships, which of the following statements is FALSE?

An influential theory of death and dying was developed by

How are bonding and attachment different?

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has _ levels, and they are called __.

The ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking Language and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Psychology and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Filters

Exam 9: Human Development

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is best described

By the end of the first year of life, Evana has mastered the most difficult balancing problem ever to be encountered in her life. What skill has she mastered?

According to Piaget, a(n)______ is an organized system of mental representations used to understand the world.

Sixty-five-year-old Pablo is terminally ill with cancer. In terms of the stages of death and dying, how can his family and health care providers best help him?

The fetal stage of prenatal development lasts from

Regarding the effects of teratogens on prenatal development, it appears that

Between birth and adulthood the brain ______ in volume.

Define the word reflex and describe six reflexes of young infants.

Preserved intellectual ability in later life is associated with which factor(s)?

According to Erikson, psychosocial development in late adulthood centers on the crisis of

Gloria's family has a large minivan she calls a car. Her grandmother buys a small hybrid that Gloria also calls a car. This is a demonstration of

Regarding puberty, which of the following statements is FALSE?

All but which of the following are characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Summarize Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, including the stage name, approximate ages, and major psychosocial challenge.

Regarding adolescent-parent relationships, which of the following statements is FALSE?

An influential theory of death and dying was developed by

How are bonding and attachment different?

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has _____ levels, and they are called ______.

The ability to think abstractly and flexibly in solving problems is referred to as

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking Language and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Psychology and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Filters

Kohlberg's theory of moral development has _ levels, and they are called __.