Question 1

Who is most closely associated with classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) E.L. Thorndike 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John Garcia 
D) B.F. Skinner 
E) Robert Rescorla 
A) E.L. Thorndike 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John Garcia 
D) B.F. Skinner 
E) Robert Rescorla B

Question 2

______ is the systematic application of operant conditioning to strengthen adaptive behavior and weaken maladaptive behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Biofeedback 
B) Behavior modification 
C) Token economy 
D) Shaping 
E) Programmed instruction 
A) Biofeedback 
B) Behavior modification 
C) Token economy 
D) Shaping 
E) Programmed instruction B

Question 3

The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) insight learning. 
D) observational learning. 
E) latent learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) insight learning. 
D) observational learning. 
E) latent learning. B

Question 4

A researcher finds that rats avoid drinking from bottles in a room in which they had received exposure to radiation that subsequently made them ill. This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) conditioned taste aversion. 
D) fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. 
E) behavior therapy. 
A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) conditioned taste aversion. 
D) fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. 
E) behavior therapy.

Question 5

Primary reinforcers are

Accepted Answer

A) the first reinforcers an animal learns. 
B) the most powerful reinforcers an animal learns. 
C) intrinsically rewarding. 
D) reinforcers that are learned through classical conditioning. 
E) also called conditioned reinforcers. 
A) the first reinforcers an animal learns. 
B) the most powerful reinforcers an animal learns. 
C) intrinsically rewarding. 
D) reinforcers that are learned through classical conditioning. 
E) also called conditioned reinforcers.

Question 6

Caroline has an "Aha!" experience when solving a problem. Caroline most likely experienced which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning 
B) insight learning 
C) observational learning 
D) operant conditioning 
E) classical conditioning 
A) latent learning 
B) insight learning 
C) observational learning 
D) operant conditioning 
E) classical conditioning

Question 7

Compared to ratio schedules, interval schedules

Accepted Answer

A) result in faster response rates. 
B) result in slower response rates. 
C) result in similar response rates. 
D) sometimes result in faster response rates and sometimes result in slower response rates. 
E) can only be administered on a variable basis. 
A) result in faster response rates. 
B) result in slower response rates. 
C) result in similar response rates. 
D) sometimes result in faster response rates and sometimes result in slower response rates. 
E) can only be administered on a variable basis.

Question 8

List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.

Accepted Answer

First, the adult should have good non-ve

Question 9

Which of the following can best be described as an example of latent learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Deborah, who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. 
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn. 
A) Deborah, who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. 
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn.

Question 10

Advertising makes use of classical conditioning. For example, a product is presented along with some naturally appealing stimulus (e.g., a physically attractive person). In this case, the product begins as the

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) neutral stimulus. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned response. 
E) conditioned response. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) neutral stimulus. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned response. 
E) conditioned response.

Question 11

What is Rosalie Rayner's role in the history of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) She was a student assistant who helped Pavlov with his experiments on classical conditioning in animals. 
B) She was a colleague who helped Skinner with his experiments on operant conditioning in animals. 
C) She developed a cognitive theory of classical conditioning. 
D) She created the puzzle box used by Edward Thorndike. 
E) She was a student assistant who helped Watson with his experiments on classical conditioning in humans. 
A) She was a student assistant who helped Pavlov with his experiments on classical conditioning in animals. 
B) She was a colleague who helped Skinner with his experiments on operant conditioning in animals. 
C) She developed a cognitive theory of classical conditioning. 
D) She created the puzzle box used by Edward Thorndike. 
E) She was a student assistant who helped Watson with his experiments on classical conditioning in humans.

Question 12

The rats in Dr. Rexington's learning laboratory are on an "FR-7" schedule of reinforcement. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The rats will receive a food pellet after every seventh bar press. 
B) The rats will receive a food pellet after an average of every seven bar presses. 
C) The rats will receive a food pellet every seven minutes. 
D) The rats will receive a food pellet an average of every seven minutes. 
E) The rats will receive a food pellet every seven minutes, unless they press the bar seven times in a shorter period of time. 
A) The rats will receive a food pellet after every seventh bar press. 
B) The rats will receive a food pellet after an average of every seven bar presses. 
C) The rats will receive a food pellet every seven minutes. 
D) The rats will receive a food pellet an average of every seven minutes. 
E) The rats will receive a food pellet every seven minutes, unless they press the bar seven times in a shorter period of time.

Question 13

All of the following are concerns about the use of punishment EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) it suppresses rather than eliminates behavior. 
B) it may model inappropriate behavior. 
C) it is difficult to administer. 
D) it does not teach new behaviors. 
E) it can lead to strong negative emotions. 
A) it suppresses rather than eliminates behavior. 
B) it may model inappropriate behavior. 
C) it is difficult to administer. 
D) it does not teach new behaviors. 
E) it can lead to strong negative emotions.

Question 14

Chris has been experiencing a number of problems on the job. In order to get away from his problems for a while, Chris regularly drinks heavily in the evening, after work. We can explain this behavior as a form of

Accepted Answer

A) escape learning. 
B) avoidance learning. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
E) punishment. 
A) escape learning. 
B) avoidance learning. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
E) punishment.

Question 15

Which of the following can best be described as an example of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Deborah, who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. 
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn. 
A) Deborah, who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. 
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn.

Question 16

Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni. Donatello tells her son, "Giovanni, when you clean up all of your toys, you'll get a gold star on your chart." Which guideline is Donatello working with?

Accepted Answer

A) using social reinforcement to maintain the behavior 
B) selecting a reinforcer 
C) applying the reinforcer 
D) tracking the frequency of desired behavior 
E) explaining the contingency 
A) using social reinforcement to maintain the behavior 
B) selecting a reinforcer 
C) applying the reinforcer 
D) tracking the frequency of desired behavior 
E) explaining the contingency

Question 17

Which of the following is demonstrating extinction of an operant response?

Accepted Answer

A) Ginny, who learns to dress herself when her mother reinforces her for accomplishing each small step in the process 
B) Ron, who receives praise every time he puts his schoolbooks away 
C) Hermione, who eventually stops raising her hand when Professor Snape fails to call on her 
D) Harry, who learns secret routes that provide an escape from the Dark Forest when he is under attack 
E) Malfoy, who leaves school two days early at Christmas break to avoid the rush of holiday traffic 
A) Ginny, who learns to dress herself when her mother reinforces her for accomplishing each small step in the process 
B) Ron, who receives praise every time he puts his schoolbooks away 
C) Hermione, who eventually stops raising her hand when Professor Snape fails to call on her 
D) Harry, who learns secret routes that provide an escape from the Dark Forest when he is under attack 
E) Malfoy, who leaves school two days early at Christmas break to avoid the rush of holiday traffic

Question 18

LaGina walks into a room and feels as if she has been there before, even though she knows that she has not. LaGina's experience of deja vu may be explained by which concept from classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Extinction 
B) Stimulus generalization 
C) Stimulus discrimination 
D) Spontaneous recovery 
E) Reconditioning 
A) Extinction 
B) Stimulus generalization 
C) Stimulus discrimination 
D) Spontaneous recovery 
E) Reconditioning

Question 19

When two-year-old Clarice was playing in the basement, a large burst of thunder scared her at the same time she saw a spider. Now Clarice has a spider phobia. Clarice's experience is an example of which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Operant conditioning 
B) Observational learning 
C) Vicarious learning 
D) Insight learning 
E) Classical conditioning 
A) Operant conditioning 
B) Observational learning 
C) Vicarious learning 
D) Insight learning 
E) Classical conditioning

Question 20

Regarding characteristics that influence conditioned responses, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) In general, the more often the CS is paired with the US, the stronger the CR. 
B) In general, the more often the CS is paired with the US, the more reliable the CR. 
C) The strongest conditioned responses occur when the CS is presented first and remains present throughout the administration of the US. 
D) A stronger US will typically lead to faster conditioning than a weaker one. 
E) A single pairing of the CS and US cannot result in classical conditioning. 
A) In general, the more often the CS is paired with the US, the stronger the CR. 
B) In general, the more often the CS is paired with the US, the more reliable the CR. 
C) The strongest conditioned responses occur when the CS is presented first and remains present throughout the administration of the US. 
D) A stronger US will typically lead to faster conditioning than a weaker one. 
E) A single pairing of the CS and US cannot result in classical conditioning.

Who is most closely associated with classical conditioning?

______ is the systematic application of operant conditioning to strengthen adaptive behavior and weaken maladaptive behavior.

The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called

A researcher finds that rats avoid drinking from bottles in a room in which they had received exposure to radiation that subsequently made them ill. This demonstrates

Primary reinforcers are

Caroline has an "Aha!" experience when solving a problem. Caroline most likely experienced which type of learning?

Compared to ratio schedules, interval schedules

List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.

Which of the following can best be described as an example of latent learning?

Advertising makes use of classical conditioning. For example, a product is presented along with some naturally appealing stimulus (e.g., a physically attractive person). In this case, the product begins as the

What is Rosalie Rayner's role in the history of psychology?

The rats in Dr. Rexington's learning laboratory are on an "FR-7" schedule of reinforcement. What does this mean?

All of the following are concerns about the use of punishment EXCEPT

Chris has been experiencing a number of problems on the job. In order to get away from his problems for a while, Chris regularly drinks heavily in the evening, after work. We can explain this behavior as a form of

Which of the following can best be described as an example of observational learning?

Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni. Donatello tells her son, "Giovanni, when you clean up all of your toys, you'll get a gold star on your chart." Which guideline is Donatello working with?

Which of the following is demonstrating extinction of an operant response?

LaGina walks into a room and feels as if she has been there before, even though she knows that she has not. LaGina's experience of deja vu may be explained by which concept from classical conditioning?

When two-year-old Clarice was playing in the basement, a large burst of thunder scared her at the same time she saw a spider. Now Clarice has a spider phobia. Clarice's experience is an example of which type of learning?

Regarding characteristics that influence conditioned responses, which of the following statements is FALSE?

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Exam 5: Learning

Who is most closely associated with classical conditioning?

______ is the systematic application of operant conditioning to strengthen adaptive behavior and weaken maladaptive behavior.

The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called

A researcher finds that rats avoid drinking from bottles in a room in which they had received exposure to radiation that subsequently made them ill. This demonstrates

Primary reinforcers are

Caroline has an "Aha!" experience when solving a problem. Caroline most likely experienced which type of learning?

Compared to ratio schedules, interval schedules

List 7 steps for using praise effectively with children.

Which of the following can best be described as an example of latent learning?

Advertising makes use of classical conditioning. For example, a product is presented along with some naturally appealing stimulus (e.g., a physically attractive person). In this case, the product begins as the

What is Rosalie Rayner's role in the history of psychology?

The rats in Dr. Rexington's learning laboratory are on an "FR-7" schedule of reinforcement. What does this mean?

All of the following are concerns about the use of punishment EXCEPT

Chris has been experiencing a number of problems on the job. In order to get away from his problems for a while, Chris regularly drinks heavily in the evening, after work. We can explain this behavior as a form of

Which of the following can best be described as an example of observational learning?

Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni. Donatello tells her son, "Giovanni, when you clean up all of your toys, you'll get a gold star on your chart." Which guideline is Donatello working with?

Which of the following is demonstrating extinction of an operant response?

LaGina walks into a room and feels as if she has been there before, even though she knows that she has not. LaGina's experience of deja vu may be explained by which concept from classical conditioning?

When two-year-old Clarice was playing in the basement, a large burst of thunder scared her at the same time she saw a spider. Now Clarice has a spider phobia. Clarice's experience is an example of which type of learning?

Regarding characteristics that influence conditioned responses, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking Language and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Filters