Question 1

Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming President of the Committee of Public Safety. 
B)  being elected as first director of the Directory. 
C)  seizing power in a coup d'etat. 
D)  capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected president. 
E)  his appointment to the post by a newly restored monarch, Louis XVII. 
A)  becoming President of the Committee of Public Safety. 
B)  being elected as first director of the Directory. 
C)  seizing power in a coup d'etat. 
D)  capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected president. 
E)  his appointment to the post by a newly restored monarch, Louis XVII. C

Question 2

What were the causes,the main events,and the results of the French Revolution? Could its outbreak have been avoided,or possibly postponed? Was the revolution inevitable? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The French Revolution was caused by a combination of social, political, and economic factors. The main causes included widespread discontent among the lower classes due to high taxes, food shortages, and inequality, as well as the influence of Enlightenment ideas promoting individual rights and democracy. The main events of the revolution included the storming of the Bastille, the Reign of Terror, and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. The revolution resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and significant social and political changes in France.

The outbreak of the French Revolution could have potentially been avoided or postponed if the monarchy had implemented reforms to address the grievances of the lower classes and if the nobility and clergy had been willing to share power with the Third Estate. However, the entrenched power structures and resistance to change made it difficult to prevent the revolution from occurring.

In hindsight, it can be argued that the revolution was inevitable due to the deep-seated social and economic inequalities, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, and the failure of the monarchy to address the grievances of the people. The revolution was a culmination of years of simmering discontent and a desire for change, making it difficult to prevent or postpone. Additionally, the revolution inspired similar movements in other countries, indicating that the desire for change was not unique to France. Therefore, while the outbreak of the revolution may have been influenced by specific events and decisions, the underlying causes and the broader historical context suggest that it was ultimately inevitable.

Question 3

Identify the following terms.
-high culture and popular culture and Carnival

Accepted Answer

High culture refers to the cultural products and activities that are considered to have the highest aesthetic and intellectual value in a society. This can include classical music, opera, ballet, literature, and fine art. High culture is often associated with the elite or educated classes and is seen as more sophisticated and refined.

Popular culture, on the other hand, refers to the cultural products and activities that are enjoyed and consumed by the general population. This can include popular music, television shows, movies, fashion trends, and sports. Popular culture is often seen as more accessible and entertaining, and it reflects the tastes and preferences of the masses.

Carnival is a festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. It typically involves public celebrations, parades, and street parties, often featuring colorful costumes, music, and dancing. Carnival is a significant part of the cultural traditions in many countries, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean, and it is often associated with the blending of high and popular culture through its elaborate costumes and lively music and dance performances.

Question 4

Identify the following terms.
-Descartes and Cartesian Dualism

Accepted Answer

Descartes refers to René Descartes (1596

Question 5

By 1763,Great Britain had become the world's greatest colonial power.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Identify the following terms.
-Declaration of Independence

Accepted Answer

The Declaration of Independence was a do

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order regarding Napoleon;

Accepted Answer

A)  Elba, Russia, Waterloo, Italy 
B)  Italy, Russia, Elba, Waterloo 
C)  Italy, Saint Helena, Waterloo, Elba 
D)  Italy, Russia, Waterloo, Saint Helena 
E)  Italy, Russia, Waterloo, Elba, Corsica 
A)  Elba, Russia, Waterloo, Italy 
B)  Italy, Russia, Elba, Waterloo 
C)  Italy, Saint Helena, Waterloo, Elba 
D)  Italy, Russia, Waterloo, Saint Helena 
E)  Italy, Russia, Waterloo, Elba, Corsica

Question 8

The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was

Accepted Answer

A)  spices. 
B)  steel. 
C)  coal. 
D)  textiles. 
E)  oil. 
A)  spices. 
B)  steel. 
C)  coal. 
D)  textiles. 
E)  oil.

Question 9

As a direct result of the French Revolution,this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecuador. 
B)  Brazil. 
C)  Nicaragua. 
D)  Haiti. 
E)  Puerto Rico. 
A)  Ecuador. 
B)  Brazil. 
C)  Nicaragua. 
D)  Haiti. 
E)  Puerto Rico.

Question 10

Identify the following terms.
-Catherine the Great

Accepted Answer

Catherine the Great, also known as Cathe

Question 11

Why were the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo so controversial in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

The ideas of Copernicus and Galileo were

Question 12

Identify the following terms.
-daily newspapers and coffeehouses

Accepted Answer

Daily newspapers and coffeehouses are tw

Question 13

Napoleon was ultimately defeated because of Britain's ability to sustain its military and economic power.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Identify the following terms.
-Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Accepted Answer

Mary Wollstonecraft's "A Vindication of

Question 15

Identify the following terms.
-Napoleon's Civil Code

Accepted Answer

Napoleon's Civil Code, also known as the

Question 16

Identify the following terms.
-geocentric and heliocentric

Accepted Answer

The terms "geocentric" and "heliocentric

Question 17

What was the relationship of the Enlightenment to the Scientific Revolution? Could the Enlightenment have occurred with the Scientific Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was closely related to

Question 18

Rene Descartes

Accepted Answer

A)  was the developer of algebra. 
B)  had his writings approved by the Church. 
C)  claimed that "I think, therefore I am." 
D)  fled the Dutch Republic for the Holy Roman Empire. 
E)  discovered the moon of Jupiter. 
A)  was the developer of algebra. 
B)  had his writings approved by the Church. 
C)  claimed that "I think, therefore I am." 
D)  fled the Dutch Republic for the Holy Roman Empire. 
E)  discovered the moon of Jupiter.

Question 19

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Accepted Answer

A)  was idealistic and honest and never deviated from his promises or commitments. 
B)  argued that children's education should be strict and regimented. 
C)  argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free." 
D)  believed that women were "naturally" different from men. 
E)  both b and c 
A)  was idealistic and honest and never deviated from his promises or commitments. 
B)  argued that children's education should be strict and regimented. 
C)  argued that, in accord with the "general will," people could be "forced to be free." 
D)  believed that women were "naturally" different from men. 
E)  both b and c

Question 20

The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was

Accepted Answer

A)  Joseph II of Austria. 
B)  George III of Great Britain. 
C)  Catherine the Great of Russia. 
D)  Frederick II of Prussia. 
E)  Louis XVI of France. 
A)  Joseph II of Austria. 
B)  George III of Great Britain. 
C)  Catherine the Great of Russia. 
D)  Frederick II of Prussia. 
E)  Louis XVI of France.

Exam 18: The West on the Eve of a New World Order

Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by

What were the causes,the main events,and the results of the French Revolution? Could its outbreak have been avoided,or possibly postponed? Was the revolution inevitable? Why or why not?

Identify the following terms. -high culture and popular culture and Carnival

Identify the following terms. -Descartes and Cartesian Dualism

By 1763,Great Britain had become the world's greatest colonial power.

Identify the following terms. -Declaration of Independence

Which of the following is the correct order regarding Napoleon;

The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was

As a direct result of the French Revolution,this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism.

Identify the following terms. -Catherine the Great

Why were the ideas of Copernicus and Galileo so controversial in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Identify the following terms. -daily newspapers and coffeehouses

Napoleon was ultimately defeated because of Britain's ability to sustain its military and economic power.

Identify the following terms. -Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Identify the following terms. -Napoleon's Civil Code

Identify the following terms. -geocentric and heliocentric

What was the relationship of the Enlightenment to the Scientific Revolution? Could the Enlightenment have occurred with the Scientific Revolution?

Rene Descartes

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was

Early Humans and the First Civilizations

Ancient India

China in Antiquity

The Civilization of the Greeks

The First World Civilizations: Rome, China, and the Emergence of the Silk Road

The Americas

Ferment in the Middle East: The Rise of Islam

Early Civilizations in Africa

The Expansion of Civilization in South and Southeast Asia

The Flowering of Traditional China

The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

The Making of Europe

The Byzantine Empire and Crisis and Recovery in the West

New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market

Europe Transformed: Reform and State Building

The Muslim Empires

The East Asian World

The Beginnings of Modernization: Industrialization and Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century

The Americas and Society and Culture in the West

The High Tide of Imperialism

Shadows over the Pacific: East Asia under Challenge

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

Nationalism Revolution and Dictatorship: Asia the Middle East and Latin America from 1919 to 1939

The Crisis Deepens: World War II

East and West in the Grip of the Cold War

Brave New World: Communism on Trial

Europe and the Western Hemisphere since 1945

Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East

Toward the Pacific Century

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