Question 1

The Jesuits were founded as part of the

Accepted Answer

A) Protestant Reformation. 
B) Catholic Reformation. 
C) Holy Roman Empire. 
D) None of these are correct. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) Protestant Reformation. 
B) Catholic Reformation. 
C) Holy Roman Empire. 
D) None of these are correct. 
E) All of these are correct. B

Question 2

John Calvin denied human faith could merit salvation, instead, he preached that salvation was granted by God to those

Accepted Answer

A) who are predestined. 
B) who do good works. 
C) who have sobriety. 
D) who have good thoughts. 
E) who follow the pope. 
A) who are predestined. 
B) who do good works. 
C) who have sobriety. 
D) who have good thoughts. 
E) who follow the pope. A

Question 3

The wars and devastation of the early modern era in Europe, especially the Thirty Years' War, resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) the destruction of the national museums. 
B) better European armies, weapons, and maneuvers. 
C) gang violence in the streets of Paris and London. 
D) a unified European state called the Holy Roman Empire. 
E) a widespread pacifist movement in Europe. 
A) the destruction of the national museums. 
B) better European armies, weapons, and maneuvers. 
C) gang violence in the streets of Paris and London. 
D) a unified European state called the Holy Roman Empire. 
E) a widespread pacifist movement in Europe. B

Question 4

The astronomer who discovered spots on the sun and mountains on the moon and who empirically demonstrated the heliocentric theory was

Accepted Answer

A) Tycho Brahe. 
B) Johannes Kepler. 
C) Isaac Newton. 
D) Galileo Galilei. 
E) Nicholas Copernicus. 
A) Tycho Brahe. 
B) Johannes Kepler. 
C) Isaac Newton. 
D) Galileo Galilei. 
E) Nicholas Copernicus.

Question 5

The most significant challenge posed by early modern astronomers was that of the "heliocentric" universe, first argued by

Accepted Answer

A) Galileo Galilei. 
B) Nicholas Copernicus. 
C) Johannes Keppler. 
D) Frances Bacon. 
E) Rene Descartes. 
A) Galileo Galilei. 
B) Nicholas Copernicus. 
C) Johannes Keppler. 
D) Frances Bacon. 
E) Rene Descartes.

Question 6

In response to criticisms leveled against Catholic practices, the church met from 1545 to 1564 at the

Accepted Answer

A) Council of Nicaea. 
B) Council of Constance. 
C) Council of Trent. 
D) Council of Florence. 
E) Council of Liubetch. 
A) Council of Nicaea. 
B) Council of Constance. 
C) Council of Trent. 
D) Council of Florence. 
E) Council of Liubetch.

Question 7

Although European peasants were free during the early modern era,

Accepted Answer

A) they were obliged to provide ten years of military service. 
B) they were forced to head the decision-making offices of the government. 
C) their standards of living may have declined between 1500 and 1750. 
D) they rarely lived to age thirty. 
E) they were forced into overseas service as missionaries. 
A) they were obliged to provide ten years of military service. 
B) they were forced to head the decision-making offices of the government. 
C) their standards of living may have declined between 1500 and 1750. 
D) they rarely lived to age thirty. 
E) they were forced into overseas service as missionaries.

Question 8

The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of

Accepted Answer

A) the Spanish military presence. 
B) a worsening Dutch economy. 
C) the imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Catholic orthodoxy. 
D) an invasion by the Spanish navy. 
E) a failing Spanish economy. 
A) the Spanish military presence. 
B) a worsening Dutch economy. 
C) the imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Catholic orthodoxy. 
D) an invasion by the Spanish navy. 
E) a failing Spanish economy.

Question 9

Where did Martin Luther and John Calvin agree and disagree in their reform efforts?

Accepted Answer

Students should recognize that both Luth

Question 10

Describe the disparities among the various social classes in European urban society between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Who were the bourgeoisie? What conditions did the poorer classes endure?

Accepted Answer

During these centuries, the contrasts in

Question 11

Roughly how many people were executed for witchcraft in Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

A) 10,000 
B) 30,000 
C) 60,000 
D) 100,000 
E) 500,000 
A) 10,000 
B) 30,000 
C) 60,000 
D) 100,000 
E) 500,000

Question 12

At the end of the English Civil War, the monarch was executed and replaced by

Accepted Answer

A) John Calvin. 
B) John Smith. 
C) Oliver Cromwell. 
D) Thomas Becket. 
E) Samuel Adams. 
A) John Calvin. 
B) John Smith. 
C) Oliver Cromwell. 
D) Thomas Becket. 
E) Samuel Adams.

Question 13

What changes to military forces the constant wars in Europe produce during this period?

Accepted Answer

Students should acknowledge that the nea

Question 14

Who were considered part of the "unworthy poor" in the Netherlands?

Accepted Answer

A) recent migrants from impoverished rural areas 
B) itinerant peddlers 
C) beggars 
D) None of these are correct. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) recent migrants from impoverished rural areas 
B) itinerant peddlers 
C) beggars 
D) None of these are correct. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 15

In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Charles V allowed German princes to choose

Accepted Answer

A) Catholicism or Calvinism. 
B) Catholicism or Lutheranism. 
C) Calvinism or Lutheranism. 
D) a new emperor. 
E) Islam or Christianity. 
A) Catholicism or Calvinism. 
B) Catholicism or Lutheranism. 
C) Calvinism or Lutheranism. 
D) a new emperor. 
E) Islam or Christianity.

Question 16

The challenge to the church and its supporters was intense and emotional, resulting in

Accepted Answer

A) a compromise representing theological common ground. 
B) bitter "wars of religion." 
C) the election of Pope Leo X. 
D) European monarchs begging the pope for forgiveness. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) a compromise representing theological common ground. 
B) bitter "wars of religion." 
C) the election of Pope Leo X. 
D) European monarchs begging the pope for forgiveness. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 17

The Enlightenment was termed such because it

Accepted Answer

A) embraced the idea of a heliocentric universe in a society of devoted intellectuals. 
B) was carried out by only a few "enlightened" thinkers who were often opposed by political and religious leaders. 
C) proposed a fusion of religious ideas of Christianity and Buddhism. 
D) suggested that open criticism and change of society would lighten the oppression of absolutist leaders. 
E) provided that new science would "light" the way to a better society. 
A) embraced the idea of a heliocentric universe in a society of devoted intellectuals. 
B) was carried out by only a few "enlightened" thinkers who were often opposed by political and religious leaders. 
C) proposed a fusion of religious ideas of Christianity and Buddhism. 
D) suggested that open criticism and change of society would lighten the oppression of absolutist leaders. 
E) provided that new science would "light" the way to a better society.

Question 18

Calvin went further than Lutheran in curtailing the power of the clerical hierarchy and using to regulate doctrinal issues.

Accepted Answer

A) synods 
B) indulgences 
C) penance 
D) predestination 
E) None of these is correct. 
A) synods 
B) indulgences 
C) penance 
D) predestination 
E) None of these is correct.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the "balance of power" and how did it play out in practice?

Accepted Answer

During the late sixteenth to early eight

Question 20

Many Europeans believed that natural disasters such as the earthquake that destroyed much of in 1755 were punishment from God.

Accepted Answer

A) London 
B) Rome 
C) Paris 
D) Madrid 
E) Lisbon 
A) London 
B) Rome 
C) Paris 
D) Madrid 
E) Lisbon

Exam 17: Transformations in Europe

The Jesuits were founded as part of the

John Calvin denied human faith could merit salvation, instead, he preached that salvation was granted by God to those

The wars and devastation of the early modern era in Europe, especially the Thirty Years' War, resulted in

The astronomer who discovered spots on the sun and mountains on the moon and who empirically demonstrated the heliocentric theory was

The most significant challenge posed by early modern astronomers was that of the "heliocentric" universe, first argued by

In response to criticisms leveled against Catholic practices, the church met from 1545 to 1564 at the

Although European peasants were free during the early modern era,

The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of

Where did Martin Luther and John Calvin agree and disagree in their reform efforts?

Describe the disparities among the various social classes in European urban society between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. Who were the bourgeoisie? What conditions did the poorer classes endure?

Roughly how many people were executed for witchcraft in Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

At the end of the English Civil War, the monarch was executed and replaced by

What changes to military forces the constant wars in Europe produce during this period?

Who were considered part of the "unworthy poor" in the Netherlands?

In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Charles V allowed German princes to choose

The challenge to the church and its supporters was intense and emotional, resulting in

The Enlightenment was termed such because it

Calvin went further than Lutheran in curtailing the power of the clerical hierarchy and using to regulate doctrinal issues.

What was the purpose of the "balance of power" and how did it play out in practice?

Many Europeans believed that natural disasters such as the earthquake that destroyed much of in 1755 were punishment from God.

Nature, Humanity, and History

The First River-Valley Civilizations

The Mediterranean and Middle East

New Civilizations Outside the West Asian Core Area

Greece and Iran

An Age of Empires: Rome and Han China

India and Southeast Asia

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Networks of Communication and Exchange

The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam

Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Inner and East Asia

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath

Latin Europe

Southern Empires, Southern Seas

The Maritime Revolution

The Diversity of American Colonial Societies

The Atlantic System and Africa

Between Europe and China

East Asia in Global Perspective

The Early Industrial Revolution

Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World

Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism

Nation Building and Economic Transformation in the Americas

Varieties of Imperialism in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Latin America

The New Power Balance

The Crisis of the Imperial Order

The Collapse of the Old Order

Revolutions in Living

The Cold War and Decolonization

The End of the Cold War and the Challenge of Economic Development and Immigration

New Challenges in a New Millennium

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