Question 1

The U.S.Supreme Court has a strong preference that arrests and searches be authorized by a warrant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Other Fourth Amendment considerations,such as warrants,reasonableness,exigency,and good faith,are factors that are considered subservient to probable cause.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A criminal informant's credibility is never presumed but must be established.Usually,this is done by demonstrating the informant's __________ of having given accurate information in the past.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A criminal informant's credibility is never presumed...

Question 4

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment,the amendment is said to protect __________,not __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of applying the privacy right...

Question 5

The common law approach to applying the Fourth Amendment to particular cases was to focus on:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the subjective privacy rights of the individual had been violated. 
B)  whether law enforcement used force during a search and/or seizure. 
C)  whether the government agent intentionally violated the constitutional protection. 
D)  whether there was a physical intrusion into a constitutionally protected area. 
A)  whether the subjective privacy rights of the individual had been violated. 
B)  whether law enforcement used force during a search and/or seizure. 
C)  whether the government agent intentionally violated the constitutional protection. 
D)  whether there was a physical intrusion into a constitutionally protected area.

Question 6

The term ____________ means strengthening or confirming the information supplied by the informant with supporting information obtained by law enforcement officers.

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuation 
B)  corroboration 
C)  discovery 
D)  verification 
A)  attenuation 
B)  corroboration 
C)  discovery 
D)  verification

Question 7

The elements of the __________ two-pronged test are important considerations in determining the existence of probable cause based on informant testimony.Nonetheless,they should be evaluated only as part of the commonsense determination under the totality of the circumstances-not as rigid rules to be applied mechanically.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The elements of the __________ two-pronged test...

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about the concept of probable cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concept is strikingly similar to the "preponderance of evidence" and "beyond a reasonable doubt" standards that are used in court proceedings. 
B)  Whether probable cause exists is determined by considering only the subjective perceptions of the officer(s) involved. 
C)  The concept of probable cause is a finely tuned standard that has a precise understanding among those who use it. 
D)  The concept deals with probability that evidence will be found or that the individual committed an offense. 
A)  The concept is strikingly similar to the "preponderance of evidence" and "beyond a reasonable doubt" standards that are used in court proceedings. 
B)  Whether probable cause exists is determined by considering only the subjective perceptions of the officer(s) involved. 
C)  The concept of probable cause is a finely tuned standard that has a precise understanding among those who use it. 
D)  The concept deals with probability that evidence will be found or that the individual committed an offense.

Question 9

The police suspect that a store is illegally selling illicit drug paraphernalia.A plain clothes detective working undercover enters the store,purchases items,leaves the store,and comes back with a search warrant for the store and an arrest warrant for the store's owner.In terms of the Fourth Amendment,the initial possession of the goods by the police:

Accepted Answer

A)  constituted a search, but not a seizure. 
B)  constituted both a search and seizure. 
C)  did not constitute a search or a seizure. 
D)  constituted a seizure, but not a search. 
A)  constituted a search, but not a seizure. 
B)  constituted both a search and seizure. 
C)  did not constitute a search or a seizure. 
D)  constituted a seizure, but not a search.

Question 10

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of an anonymous informant versus a known informant.Explore the differences in risk for liability for providing false information.

Accepted Answer

When establishing probable cause based o

Question 11

Katz v.U.S.(1967)held that a person's Fourth Amendment rights are implicated wherever the person has an expectation of __________which society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Katz v.U.S.(1967)held that a person's Fourth Amendment...

Question 12

Define the concept of probable cause.Compare and contrast probable cause relating to search and probable cause as it relates to arrest.

Accepted Answer

Probable cause is a legal standard used

Question 13

A criminal informant's credibility (veracity/truthfulness)must always be established by a statement of underlying facts and circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Name two indicators of criminal activity that alone support probable cause.Compare and contrast these two indicators of criminal activity with some other indicators that,taken alone,do not support probable cause.

Accepted Answer

Two indicators of criminal activity that

Question 15

A police officer is considered an expert in the area of gangs and gang behavior.The courts are not permitted to give extra credence to the judgments of the expert when (s)he applies for a search or arrest warrant in a case involving gang behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following,standing alone,can serve as the basis for probable cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  an admission 
B)  presence at a crime scene or a high crime area 
C)  association with other known criminals 
D)  past criminal conduct 
A)  an admission 
B)  presence at a crime scene or a high crime area 
C)  association with other known criminals 
D)  past criminal conduct

Question 17

A patrol officer stops a car and makes an arrest on the basis of information obtained from a bulletin that officers in another jurisdiction are looking for the driver of a certain car that was described in the bulletin.Assume that the information contained in the bulletin was not correct.Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  The arrest would still be considered valid. 
B)  The arresting officer is shielded from any civil liability for false arrest. 
C)  The arrest would still be valid and the officer is shielded from any civil liability for false arrest. 
D)  The arrest would not be valid and the officer is not shielded from any civil liability for false arrest. 
A)  The arrest would still be considered valid. 
B)  The arresting officer is shielded from any civil liability for false arrest. 
C)  The arrest would still be valid and the officer is shielded from any civil liability for false arrest. 
D)  The arrest would not be valid and the officer is not shielded from any civil liability for false arrest.

Question 18

Based on the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria,in order to establish probable cause in a situation where informant information is secondhand,the affidavit must:

Accepted Answer

A)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant. 
B)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant and why the information from the informant is credible or reliable. 
C)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant and why the information, from both the informant and the 3rd party, is credible or reliable. 
D)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant; why the information, from both the informant and the 3rd party, is credible or reliable; and that the information could not be obtained using any other method. 
A)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant. 
B)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant and why the information from the informant is credible or reliable. 
C)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant and why the information, from both the informant and the 3rd party, is credible or reliable. 
D)  show how the third person knows the information furnished to the informant; why the information, from both the informant and the 3rd party, is credible or reliable; and that the information could not be obtained using any other method.

Question 19

When the police obtain a handwriting or voice sample from a criminal suspect,this action constitutes a seizure,thereby implicating the Fourth Amendment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

After it has been determined that a person has standing to make a Fourth Amendment claim and that a "search" or "seizure" has occurred,the final inquiry is to find:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether probable cause exists 
B)  whether the exclusionary rule can be invoked 
C)  whether there was a violation of privacy 
D)  whether the search or seizure was reasonable 
A)  whether probable cause exists 
B)  whether the exclusionary rule can be invoked 
C)  whether there was a violation of privacy 
D)  whether the search or seizure was reasonable

The U.S.Supreme Court has a strong preference that arrests and searches be authorized by a warrant.

Other Fourth Amendment considerations,such as warrants,reasonableness,exigency,and good faith,are factors that are considered subservient to probable cause.

A criminal informant's credibility is never presumed but must be established.Usually,this is done by demonstrating the informant's __________ of having given accurate information in the past.

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment,the amendment is said to protect ,not .

The common law approach to applying the Fourth Amendment to particular cases was to focus on:

The term ____________ means strengthening or confirming the information supplied by the informant with supporting information obtained by law enforcement officers.

Which of the following statements is true about the concept of probable cause?

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of an anonymous informant versus a known informant.Explore the differences in risk for liability for providing false information.

Katz v.U.S.(1967)held that a person's Fourth Amendment rights are implicated wherever the person has an expectation of __________which society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

Define the concept of probable cause.Compare and contrast probable cause relating to search and probable cause as it relates to arrest.

A criminal informant's credibility (veracity/truthfulness)must always be established by a statement of underlying facts and circumstances.

Name two indicators of criminal activity that alone support probable cause.Compare and contrast these two indicators of criminal activity with some other indicators that,taken alone,do not support probable cause.

A police officer is considered an expert in the area of gangs and gang behavior.The courts are not permitted to give extra credence to the judgments of the expert when (s)he applies for a search or arrest warrant in a case involving gang behavior.

Which of the following,standing alone,can serve as the basis for probable cause?

Based on the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria,in order to establish probable cause in a situation where informant information is secondhand,the affidavit must:

When the police obtain a handwriting or voice sample from a criminal suspect,this action constitutes a seizure,thereby implicating the Fourth Amendment.

After it has been determined that a person has standing to make a Fourth Amendment claim and that a "search" or "seizure" has occurred,the final inquiry is to find:

Individual Rights Under the United States Constitution

Criminal Courts,Pretrial Processes,and the Exclusionary Rule

Criminal Investigatory Search Warrants

Searches for Electronically Stored Information and Electronic Surveillance

Administrative and Special Needs Searches

Arrests, Searches Incident to Arrest, and Protective Sweeps

Stops and Frisks

Consent Searches

The Plain View Doctrine

Search and Seizure of Vehicles and Containers

Open Fields and Abandoned Property

Interrogations, Admissions, and Confessions

Pretrial Visual Identification Procedures

Criminal Trials, Appeals, and Other Post-Conviction Remedies

Filters

Exam 3: Basic Underlying Concepts: Privacy, Probable Cause, and Reasonableness

The U.S.Supreme Court has a strong preference that arrests and searches be authorized by a warrant.

Other Fourth Amendment considerations,such as warrants,reasonableness,exigency,and good faith,are factors that are considered subservient to probable cause.

A criminal informant's credibility is never presumed but must be established.Usually,this is done by demonstrating the informant's __________ of having given accurate information in the past.

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment,the amendment is said to protect __________,not __________.

The common law approach to applying the Fourth Amendment to particular cases was to focus on:

The term ____________ means strengthening or confirming the information supplied by the informant with supporting information obtained by law enforcement officers.

Which of the following statements is true about the concept of probable cause?

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of an anonymous informant versus a known informant.Explore the differences in risk for liability for providing false information.

Katz v.U.S.(1967)held that a person's Fourth Amendment rights are implicated wherever the person has an expectation of __________which society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

Define the concept of probable cause.Compare and contrast probable cause relating to search and probable cause as it relates to arrest.

A criminal informant's credibility (veracity/truthfulness)must always be established by a statement of underlying facts and circumstances.

Name two indicators of criminal activity that alone support probable cause.Compare and contrast these two indicators of criminal activity with some other indicators that,taken alone,do not support probable cause.

A police officer is considered an expert in the area of gangs and gang behavior.The courts are not permitted to give extra credence to the judgments of the expert when (s)he applies for a search or arrest warrant in a case involving gang behavior.

Which of the following,standing alone,can serve as the basis for probable cause?

Based on the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria,in order to establish probable cause in a situation where informant information is secondhand,the affidavit must:

When the police obtain a handwriting or voice sample from a criminal suspect,this action constitutes a seizure,thereby implicating the Fourth Amendment.

After it has been determined that a person has standing to make a Fourth Amendment claim and that a "search" or "seizure" has occurred,the final inquiry is to find:

Individual Rights Under the United States Constitution

Criminal Courts,Pretrial Processes,and the Exclusionary Rule

Criminal Investigatory Search Warrants

Searches for Electronically Stored Information and Electronic Surveillance

Administrative and Special Needs Searches

Arrests, Searches Incident to Arrest, and Protective Sweeps

Stops and Frisks

Consent Searches

The Plain View Doctrine

Search and Seizure of Vehicles and Containers

Open Fields and Abandoned Property

Interrogations, Admissions, and Confessions

Pretrial Visual Identification Procedures

Criminal Trials, Appeals, and Other Post-Conviction Remedies

Filters

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment,the amendment is said to protect ,not .