Exam 14: Making Ethical Choices

According to the text, ultimately ethics is about facing a(n)_______________  and making a decision.

The Protect America Act was passed in 2007, allowing the government:

Babak Pasdar was a whistleblower who discovered and revealed what is commonly known as the:

In Clark v. Martinez , the Supreme Court held that the United States could not indefinitely hold illegal aliens without some form of due process.

The policing approach called the ____________________ model recognizes the police as servants of the public good and states that although crime control is important, protection of civil liberties should be the fundamental mission.

"Means-end" ethical analysis is consistent with:

In 2003, President Bush determined that it was vital to the national security of the United States to invade Iraq and force the removal of Saddam Hussein's government. In addition to the brutality Hussein inflicted on his people, including the use of chemical weapons, the Bush Administration believed Hussein was in possession of weapons of mass destruction. Colin Powell appeared before the United Nations to show aerial photographs that were interpreted as proof that Iraq was pursuing a nuclear weapon. Hussein's refusal to cooperate with international inspectors lent credence to this belief. Further, the President accused Hussein of cooperating with al- Qaeda. According to "just war" theorists, the belief that a nation is justified in going to war when they have suffered unjust injuries (such as 9/11)and to protect the state (such as against a nuclear weapon)is rooted in:

"National security letters" are letters issued by the ____________ to access private information without a warrant.

The case that dealt with a U.S. citizen held without due process protections as an enemy combatant was:

Which of the following approaches to policing is considered utilitarian?

The "front page test" suggests that some ethical systems rank higher than others, depending on the situation, and one should follow whichever is on the "front page" at that time.

Discuss the two justifications for a "just war."

The ____________________  was passed in response to 9/11, and created greater investigative powers for law enforcement and government agencies.

The concept of  ____________________  says an officer is responsible for war crimes committed by his subordinates.

The values and ethics associated with the  ________________  approach focus on human rights and the fundamental duty of all public servants to protect those rights.

The major problem with the utilitarian approach to law enforcement is that:

If one undertakes an action that is a good but that also results in a negative end, as long as the negative end was not the intent of the actor, then the good action and good end can be considered a good. This is called the _______________________ .

In the case of Hamdan v. Rumsfeld , the U.S. Supreme Court held that the ________________ were outside the President's power to create and were, therefore, invalid.

European law enforcement seems to be more committed to a rights-based policing model even though they have been dealing with terrorism longer than the United States.

In Riley v. California , the Supreme Court unanimously decided that police must obtain a warrant in order to search an arrestee ' s                     .