Exam 6: Police Discretion and Dilemmas

In Barker and Carter's proposed typology of lies, those that are considered "necessary evils" are known as:

Research indicates that police officers who use greater than average amounts of force often exhibit a lack of empathy and antisocial tendencies.

Research shows that the frequency of use-of-force events varies by region, with the highest rate of occurrence in the _______________.

The common name for any CED is _________

Explain some of the reasons why an innocent suspect might confess to a crime.

A _____________ refers to the practice of police officers using some minor traffic offense as a justification to stop the individual and, in the course of the traffic stop, look for evidence of wrongdoing.

In asset forfeiture cases, most property is seized through civil asset forfeiture actions that require less due process than criminal procedures.

The U.S. Supreme Court has defined legal force as force that is objectively reasonable.

List and discuss the situational elements that influence an officer's likelihood to use excessive force.

Analyze the treatment of Latinos by law enforcement in the southwestern United States, using Maricopa County as a point of reference.

Police are required to divulge the name of the informant on affidavits for search warrants unless there is evidence that revealing the informant's identity would be dangerous.

Evidence indicates that _____________ and skill are more effective than persuasion in getting suspects to confess.

Schoeman, in criticizing the exploitation of personal relationships in undercover operations, argues from a utilitarian perspective.

Testilying is a type of ______ lie, as defined by Klockars.

The use of physical force to obtain a conviction has been only been illegal since 1978.

List and discuss the two approaches used to determine whether entrapment has occurred. Give an example of each.

Compare and contrast the "third degree," "the father confessor," and the "good cop/bad cop" approaches to police investigations.

Which Supreme Court case is the current basis for evaluation of entrapment?

Midland County has become a major thoroughfare for distributors of crystal methamphetamine. Sheriff Johnson has put together a profile of meth dealers and distributors, specifically identifying their tendency to travel by motorcycle or older-model van, and noting they often sport tattoos and facial hair. He has instructed his deputies to be on the lookout for people matching this profile. When challenged, Sheriff Johnson explained that the goal of protecting society by interdicting illegal drugs outweighs the inconvenience suffered by innocent people who may be stopped and harassed. This explanation represents which ethical system?

The continuum-of-force approach allows the officer to: