Exam 5: The Lipids Fats and Oils

Vignette #1 Jack has just returned from the hospital where his father is recovering from a heart attack. The doctors told Jack that his dad's atherosclerosis is very serious. Jack and his wife, Melanie, are worried about Jack's father and also are starting to think about Jack's risk of having heart disease in his lifetime. He sets up an appointment at his doctor's office and has his blood lipid levels evaluated for the first time. Let's see if you can answer some of the questions that Jack and Melanie have. Jack's results from his blood lipid level test are as follows:   Which statement accurately describes Jack's test results?

What lipid is an essential fatty acid?

The human body can synthesize all the fatty acids it needs from carbohydrate, fat, or protein.

Health experts advise that you decrease consumption of foods rich in _____ and increase the intake of _____ to achieve a more healthful balance.

Describe the "French paradox" as it applies to low rates of heart disease.

Which oil is highest in saturated fats?

Glycerol and_____ diffuse easily into intestinal cells, which release them into capillaries without further processing.

Prior to menopause, estrogen may protect women from cardiovascular disease.

Monounsaturated fats are better than polyunsaturated fats in the diet because they ____.

A high-fiber diet is typically high in dietary cholesterol.

Vignette #2 Bob is committed to losing weight but knows little about nutrition. He has heard his friends discussing types of fat, such as saturated and unsaturated. He has no idea what the terms mean or how they relate to his health and diet. He also has read that the most important improvement a person can make in his or her diet is to eat less cholesterol. Let's answer these questions and help Bob understand this topic better. A characteristic of saturated fats is that they ____.

Vignette #2 Bob is committed to losing weight but knows little about nutrition. He has heard his friends discussing types of fat, such as saturated and unsaturated. He has no idea what the terms mean or how they relate to his health and diet. He also has read that the most important improvement a person can make in his or her diet is to eat less cholesterol. Let's answer these questions and help Bob understand this topic better. Bob knows he needs to take in fewer calories to lose weight. Bob should be aware that ____.

Phospholipids can help fats cross cell membranes because ____.

Long-chain fatty acids are water soluble and travel freely in blood and lymph.

Sue overate by 500 calories each day on her recent cruise to the Bahamas. If Sue gained one pound of body fat as a result, how long was her cruise?

Joy decides to cook dinner with less fat tonight and instead of two tablespoons of butter, she uses one tablespoon on her baked potato. Approximately how many grams of fat did Joy remove from her meal?

An optimal LDL-cholesterol level is ____, while an optimal HDL-cholesterol level is ____.

Compare and contrast the following lipoproteins: LDL, HDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons. Include their functions in the body and the correlation between high or low levels and heart disease risk.

As the amount of _____ in a lipoprotein increases, its _____ also increases.