Exam 6: Memory

Melvin got a new phone number at the beginning of the semester. At first, he repeated it to himself numerous times to remember it, but by the end of the semester, he easily remembers it. When he was holding the number in short-term memory at the beginning, the information is most likely __________, and once it is in his long-term memory, it is __________.

Jacques and Pierre are studying for their Spanish exam. Pierre is creating associations between vocabulary words and English words that sound similar. Jacques is repeating vocabulary words over and over.. All else being equal, Pierre is more likely to do better on the Spanish exam because he is using __________ rehearsal and Jacques is using __________ rehearsal.

Liora opens her textbook and begins to read. As her eyes scan the page, each word remains in her __________ memory for less than a second, just long enough for the next phase of memory to take over.

Baxter suffers from a brain condition that causes him to see the world as a series of still images instead of the normal continuous flow the rest of us experience. One explanation for this condition is that he has a problem with his __________ memory.

People in an experiment read a passage and then are asked to identify a list of statements that the passage may or may not have contained. The people are good at recognizing statements with the same meaning as the ones that they have heard, but they cannot identify the exact wording of these statements. This is due to

Before they take a test, Nick and Gavin are told by their instructor, "You are not allowed to use your books or notes, and looking at another person's exam is prohibited." When Gus asks what the instructor said, Shawn answers, "He told us not to cheat." Shawn's memory of what the instructor said has been encoded

Jerry and Tommy both studied for exactly ten hours each to get ready for the psychology midterm exam. Jerry studied for the ten hours immediately preceding the midterm. Tommy studied for one hour per day on each of the ten days immediately preceding the midterm. Based on this information only, how should Jerry and Tommy do on the exam?

The effectiveness of retrieval cues depends on the extent to which they

Jerzy suffered brain damage when he fell off his bed. Now, whenever someone tells him something, Jerzy remembers it only briefly. He still believes he is eight, the age he was when he fell off the bed, even though years have passed. Jerzy's condition, anterograde amnesia, demonstrates that sometimes information can fail to be transferred from __________ memory to __________ memory.

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends. He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park. Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of __________ memory, whereas his ability to ride the bike shows __________ memory.

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam. Once he had done so, they became __________ memories.

Recount an experience that involves episodic, semantic, and procedural memories. Be sure to explain how your experience exemplifies all three types of memory.

Jenna is serving on a jury. A witness has just identified the defendant as the person who committed the crime. Having read the Linkages section of the memory chapter, Jenna knows she can have confidence in the identification if the witness

You look up the phone number of your favorite pizza maker and say it over and over to yourself as you walk across the room to the phone. Before you reach the phone, your roommate bursts in and exclaims, "Look at this-it's the new Pink album!" "Cool!" you reply. Then you become frustrated because you cannot remember the phone number. This is most likely due to interruption in the process of

Willow took sociology in the fall semester. In the spring semester, she took psychology. She is finding that she is having difficulty remembering the psychology material because the sociology material keeps coming to mind. Willow is experiencing __________ inhibition.

Polina participated in a short-term memory experiment. The experimenter read aloud a list of twenty objects, and Polina had to mentally rate how effective each object would be if she was stranded on a deserted island. The experimenter then asked her to count backward by threes from one hundred. This task, known as __________, ensures Polina does not rehearse the information to keep it in her short-term memory.

While studying diligently for his midterm, Raoul consumes massive quantities of sugar by drinking Rush cola and eating Grandma's cookies. The day of the midterm examination, Raoul is careful to eat nutritious, low-sugar foods and drink lots of milk and water. During the exam, Raoul has trouble recalling what he had studied. This can best be explained by

You are ordering dinner with a group of five friends at a restaurant. You notice that the waiter has neither pad nor pencil but relies on memory to get the orders correct. Assume that the waiter will report the orders to the kitchen right away (he won't do any intervening mental tasks). To give yourself the best chance of getting what you ordered, you should attempt to give your order to the waiter

Quintin needed to call the local department store to see if his catalog order was in. He found the telephone number in the phone book, mentally rehearsed the number, and called the department store. Most likely, this number was stored in his __________ memory.

You see a phone number on television for a product you want to buy, but you can't find a pencil to write it down. As you are trying to memorize the number, you see another number appear in the next commercial for a second product you want to buy. Suddenly, you realize that you have forgotten the first number! This outcome is due to