Exam 5: Learning

Sally is a manager of a house-cleaning company and is paid with a monthly salary. Paul, who works for Sally, gets paid by the number of houses he cleans. Paul gets paid on a __________ reinforcement schedule, while Sally gets paid on a __________ reinforcement schedule.

If you want a strong reinforcer, you should mildly stimulate the

Penny recently had a root canal at her dentist's office. The procedure was more painful than she anticipated. She now needs to see a foot doctor in the same building, but when she arrives she feels a bit shaky as a result of the painful root canal. In this example, her fearful response to the pain of the root canal was a(n)

Your friends play a practical joke on you and hook a small battery to your computer keyboard. Every time you hit the backspace key, you get a small electric shock. After a while, you involuntarily jerk just before pressing the backspace key. In this example, the ________ is the conditioned stimulus and the _______ is the conditioned response.

When Imelda was young, she used to be fascinated by shoe commercials on TV. She was particularly impressed by how happy people seemed to be when buying shoes. As an adult, Imelda goes shopping for shoes at every chance she gets. This is an example of

Tim doesn't want to run into his ex-girlfriend on campus, so he changes the route that he used to take to get to class when he did see her. The first day he does this, Tim does not run into his ex-girlfriend. Tim ends up using this route for a month because he fails to run into her. Tim has learned through __________ conditioning.

Cindy has taken the bus to and from school for the past three weeks. Today, however, she misses the bus and has to walk. Cindy has never had to walk to school before, but she makes it to school without a single wrong turn. This demonstrates

Hugo has learned to fear the bell on his phone because every time the phone rings a prank caller starts shouting at him. He now finds himself fearful of other bells, like bicycle bells and doorbells. Hugo is affected by stimulus

Which is the best example of vicarious conditioning?

While at the grocery store, Jeremy begins to throw a fit because he wants a candy bar. His mom gives him the candy bar so that he will stop screaming. Jeremy's mom experienced __________ conditioning.

Ludwig spilled his cup of juice onto the floor three times, which upset him because he loves his juice. His mother became upset and did not allow him to have juice for a week. As a result, the next time Ludwig's mom gave him a glass of juice, he was very careful not to spill it. Ludwig learned through

If a research team is going to Chicago to conduct a study on latent learning, they would be most interested in interviewing a

Nelson got an F in his College Calculus class last semester. His professor, Dr. Nwokufor, was from Nigeria. Nelson registers for the same class, and on the first day finds that the teacher is another mathematician from Nigeria. He immediately sighs and assumes that he's going to have a difficult time in the class. This is an example of

In her kindergarten class, Tanesha gives the children star stickers for good behavior in class (e.g., raising their hands before speaking, being polite to other children, walking in line through the hallways). Tanesha gives a star sticker every time a good behavior occurs. Tanesha is using a(n)__________ reinforcement schedule.

Tyrell wants to teach his two daughters, Sarah and Mia, to practice their golf swings every day. Each time after Sarah finishes practicing, he gives her $5, and each time after Mia finishes practicing, he gives her a handful of M&Ms. Sarah is receiving a __________ reinforcer, and Mia is receiving a __________ reinforcer.

Your knowledge of the word frog is made up of your knowledge of the four letters in that word, as well as all the frog knowledge you have, and any other froglike experiences. This describes

Art has doting parents who praise him every time he sits down and studies. Ben has parents who praise him every now and then when he studies. A learning theorist would predict that if both sets of parents stopped giving encouragement for studying, __________ would continue studying longer because behaviors rewarded on a __________ schedule persist longer.

Jane has just begun teaching Psychology 100 and wants her students to participate during class. She hopes that discussing the material, doing writing tasks, and working in small groups will help her students understand the material better. Jane is attempting to use __________ in her class.

Bill and Ben are about to have breakfast. Their mother asks Bill, "What would you like for breakfast?" Bill answers, "I would like some damn oatmeal." She slaps him in the mouth and orders him to leave the table. She then turns to Ben and asks, "And what would you like?" Ben answers, "I don't really care, as long as it isn't any of that damn oatmeal!" Ben's misunderstanding highlights the importance of

Reginald's camera always makes a clicking noise just before the flash goes off. After taking many pictures of his little brother Devin, he presses the button, the camera clicks, but the flash does not go off. Despite this, Devin blinks just as he did when the flash was working. This is an example of __________ conditioning, and the flash is the __________.