Chat with AIExam 13: Paleozoic Life History Vertebrates and Plants
Discuss the problems that plants had to overcome to adapt to life on land. How did they overcome these problems?
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VerifiedWhen plants made the transition from water to land, they had to solve most of the same problems that animals did: desiccation, support, reproduction, and the effects of gravity. Most experts agree that the ancestors of land plants first evolved in a marine environment, then moved into a freshwater environment before finally moving onto land. In this way, the differences in osmotic pressures between saltwater and freshwater were overcome while the plant was still in the water. The development of vascular tissue allowed for the transport of water and nutrients throughout a plant. Vascular tissue also provides some support for the plant body. Additional strength is derived from the organic compounds lignin and cellulose, found throughout a plant's walls. The problem of desiccation was circumvented by the evolution of cutin, an organic compound found in the outer-wall layers of plants. Cutin also provides additional resistance to oxidation, the effects of ultraviolet light, and the entry of parasites. Roots evolved in response to the need to collect water and nutrients from the soil and to help anchor the plant in the ground. The evolution of leaves from tiny outgrowths on the stem or from branch systems provided plants with an efficient light-gathering system for photosynthesis.
The pelycosaurs are the ancestral base for all later reptile groups.
(34) VerifiedFalse
Animals had begun to inhabit the land before plant species evolved.
(36) VerifiedFalse
The greatest barrier to both plants and animals for continuous inhabitation of land was ____.
(32) The sail-like fin on the backs of the pelycosaur did NOT function as a ____.
(32) Discuss the problems that animals had to overcome to adapt to the land environment. How did they overcome these problems? Provide specific examples of these adaptations.
(26) Lobe-finned fish are important in the fossil record because it is believed that these fish eventually gave rise to amphibians.
(37) Coelacanths were thought to be extinct, but a living specimen was found off the coast of Madagascar in 1938.
(30) The features of plants, such as leaves and roots, did not evolve simultaneously, but rather evolved at different times and often retain ancestral features representing earlier evolutionary events. What type of evolution is this?
(34) Climate change would most likely be recorded by plants in their ____.
(40) Describe and discuss the biota, including flora and fauna of the Carboniferous coal swamps.
(34) Put the following organisms in order of evolution, from earliest to latest.
(26) Reptiles had evolved at least by the ____, likely descended from labyrinthodonts .
(32) Therapsids have features one might recognize as those of ____, but they are still characterized as _____.
(33) Which reptile group is considered to be the immediate ancestor of mammals?
(31) Seedless vascular plants lived in low, wet habitats because they ____.
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