Question 1

Withdrawal designs can be used in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A) when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn 
B) when the nature of the treatment is such that its effects are present on the target behavior after it is withdrawn 
C) when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics 
D) both when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn and when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics 
A) when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn 
B) when the nature of the treatment is such that its effects are present on the target behavior after it is withdrawn 
C) when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics 
D) both when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn and when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics D

Question 2

When might an A-B-A-B-A-B design be strongly preferred over an A-B-A-B design?

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:The advantage of repeated withdrawals is that it increases the confidence in the functional relationship between the treatment and the target behavior. If there was an ambiguous trend noted in an A-B-A-B design, increasing the frequency of both treatment and withdrawal might help clarify the relationship between them.

Question 3

The logic of this design is that if the target behavior improves in the desired direction during the intervention phase and changes toward baseline levels once the treatment is withdrawn, then the investigator can conclude that the treatment was indeed responsible for the improvement of the target behavior:

Accepted Answer

A) A-B-A design 
B) A-B-A-B design 
C) B-A-B design 
D) A-B-A-B-A-B design 
A) A-B-A design 
B) A-B-A-B design 
C) B-A-B design 
D) A-B-A-B-A-B design A

Question 4

What are the limitations of the study involving Brian and Brittany?

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:Because the teac

Question 5

When might a B-A-B design be more appropriate than an A-B-A-B design? Cite an appropriate reason.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:One appropriate

Question 6

The terms reversal and withdrawal designs are often used interchangeably, although, they do, in fact, have different meanings. Explain the difference in the two design types.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:Both designs are

Question 7

Which treatment is advantageous in that the more times the treatment is applied and withdrawn (with the predicted pattern demonstrated), the more evidence there is of experimental control?

Accepted Answer

A) A-B-A design 
B) A-B-A-B design 
C) B-A-B design 
D) A-B-A-B-A-B design 
A) A-B-A design 
B) A-B-A-B design 
C) B-A-B design 
D) A-B-A-B-A-B design

Question 8

____________ occurs first when the change from baseline to intervention phase results in a desired change in responding.

Accepted Answer

A) Verification 
B) Prediction 
C) Replication 
D) Reversal 
A) Verification 
B) Prediction 
C) Replication 
D) Reversal

Question 9

Situations appropriate for the use of withdrawal designs include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn. 
B) when the nature of the treatment is such that its effects are not present on the target behavior after it is withdrawn. 
C) when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics. 
D) when it is not educationally or clinically desirable for the behavior to return to baseline levels. 
A) when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn. 
B) when the nature of the treatment is such that its effects are not present on the target behavior after it is withdrawn. 
C) when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics. 
D) when it is not educationally or clinically desirable for the behavior to return to baseline levels.

Question 10

In the Brian and Brittany scenario, what was/were the independent variable(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) the PECS binder and tantrum behaviors 
B) tantrum behaviors and the MotivAider 
C) the MotivAider 
D) the PECS binder 
A) the PECS binder and tantrum behaviors 
B) tantrum behaviors and the MotivAider 
C) the MotivAider 
D) the PECS binder

Question 11

The A-B-A design is not recommended in educational settings because:

Accepted Answer

A) the study concludes with the subject in a treatment phase. 
B) the study concludes with the subject in a nontreatment phase. 
C) the study does not repeat itself adequately. 
D) it lacks experimental control. 
A) the study concludes with the subject in a treatment phase. 
B) the study concludes with the subject in a nontreatment phase. 
C) the study does not repeat itself adequately. 
D) it lacks experimental control.

Question 12

This design is preferable because the study ends with the intervention condition in effect:

Accepted Answer

A) A-B-A 
B) A-B-C-A 
C) B-A-B 
D) A-B-A-B-C-A 
A) A-B-A 
B) A-B-C-A 
C) B-A-B 
D) A-B-A-B-C-A

Question 13

A typical withdrawal design is usually designated by the letters (where A represents baseline and B represents intervention):

Accepted Answer

A) A-B. 
B) B-A-A-A. 
C) A-B-A. 
D) A-B-A-B. 
A) A-B. 
B) B-A-A-A. 
C) A-B-A. 
D) A-B-A-B.

Question 14

What is the chief advantage of an A-B-A-B design over a simpler A-B design, assuming the independent and dependent variables are the same as well as the subject, setting, and so on?

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:An A-B-A-B desig

Question 15

____________ occurs when the return to the treatment phase results in a similar pattern as the previous treatment phase:

Accepted Answer

A) Replication 
B) Verification 
C) Duplication 
D) Repetition 
A) Replication 
B) Verification 
C) Duplication 
D) Repetition

Question 16

The A-B-A-B design is superior to A-B or A-B-A designs for all of these reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) issues of prediction, verification, and replication are strengthened. 
B) it controls threats to internal validity. 
C) it controls threats to reliability. 
D) it ends with the treatment phase in effect. 
A) issues of prediction, verification, and replication are strengthened. 
B) it controls threats to internal validity. 
C) it controls threats to reliability. 
D) it ends with the treatment phase in effect.

Question 17

When an individual's behaviors during subsequent baseline conditions are negatively affected by resentment over having the treatment withdrawn, it is called what?

Accepted Answer

A) withdrawal demoralization 
B) resentful withdrawal 
C) resentful demoralization 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) withdrawal demoralization 
B) resentful withdrawal 
C) resentful demoralization 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 18

In the Brian and Brittany scenario, what was/were the dependent variable(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) the PECS binder and tantrum behaviors 
B) tantrum behaviors and the MotivAider 
C) tantrum behaviors 
D) the PECS binder 
A) the PECS binder and tantrum behaviors 
B) tantrum behaviors and the MotivAider 
C) tantrum behaviors 
D) the PECS binder

Question 19

The major disadvantages of the withdrawal design have to do with which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A) when the target behavior is reversible 
B) when the treatment effects will not continue after the treatment is withdrawn 
C) both when the target behavior is reversible and when the treatment effects will not continue after the treatment is withdrawn 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) when the target behavior is reversible 
B) when the treatment effects will not continue after the treatment is withdrawn 
C) both when the target behavior is reversible and when the treatment effects will not continue after the treatment is withdrawn 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 20

What design was used in the Brian and Brittany scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) B-A-B 
B) A-B-A 
C) A-B-A-B 
D) A-B-A-C 
A) B-A-B 
B) A-B-A 
C) A-B-A-B 
D) A-B-A-C

Withdrawal designs can be used in which of the following situations?

When might an A-B-A-B-A-B design be strongly preferred over an A-B-A-B design?

What are the limitations of the study involving Brian and Brittany?

When might a B-A-B design be more appropriate than an A-B-A-B design? Cite an appropriate reason.

The terms reversal and withdrawal designs are often used interchangeably, although, they do, in fact, have different meanings. Explain the difference in the two design types.

Which treatment is advantageous in that the more times the treatment is applied and withdrawn (with the predicted pattern demonstrated), the more evidence there is of experimental control?

____________ occurs first when the change from baseline to intervention phase results in a desired change in responding.

Situations appropriate for the use of withdrawal designs include all of the following EXCEPT:

In the Brian and Brittany scenario, what was/were the independent variable(s)?

The A-B-A design is not recommended in educational settings because:

This design is preferable because the study ends with the intervention condition in effect:

A typical withdrawal design is usually designated by the letters (where A represents baseline and B represents intervention):

What is the chief advantage of an A-B-A-B design over a simpler A-B design, assuming the independent and dependent variables are the same as well as the subject, setting, and so on?

____________ occurs when the return to the treatment phase results in a similar pattern as the previous treatment phase:

The A-B-A-B design is superior to A-B or A-B-A designs for all of these reasons EXCEPT:

When an individual's behaviors during subsequent baseline conditions are negatively affected by resentment over having the treatment withdrawn, it is called what?

In the Brian and Brittany scenario, what was/were the dependent variable(s)?

The major disadvantages of the withdrawal design have to do with which of the following situations?

What design was used in the Brian and Brittany scenario?

Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Methods for Changing Target Behaviors

Methods for Recording Behaviors

Issues in Single Subject Research

Action Research

Changing Conditions and Changing Criterion Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Alternating Treatments Designs

Methods for Analyzing Data

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Exam 6: Withdrawal Designs

Withdrawal designs can be used in which of the following situations?

When might an A-B-A-B-A-B design be strongly preferred over an A-B-A-B design?

What are the limitations of the study involving Brian and Brittany?

When might a B-A-B design be more appropriate than an A-B-A-B design? Cite an appropriate reason.

The terms reversal and withdrawal designs are often used interchangeably, although, they do, in fact, have different meanings. Explain the difference in the two design types.

Which treatment is advantageous in that the more times the treatment is applied and withdrawn (with the predicted pattern demonstrated), the more evidence there is of experimental control?

____________ occurs first when the change from baseline to intervention phase results in a desired change in responding.

Situations appropriate for the use of withdrawal designs include all of the following EXCEPT:

In the Brian and Brittany scenario, what was/were the independent variable(s)?

The A-B-A design is not recommended in educational settings because:

This design is preferable because the study ends with the intervention condition in effect:

A typical withdrawal design is usually designated by the letters (where A represents baseline and B represents intervention):

What is the chief advantage of an A-B-A-B design over a simpler A-B design, assuming the independent and dependent variables are the same as well as the subject, setting, and so on?

____________ occurs when the return to the treatment phase results in a similar pattern as the previous treatment phase:

The A-B-A-B design is superior to A-B or A-B-A designs for all of these reasons EXCEPT:

When an individual's behaviors during subsequent baseline conditions are negatively affected by resentment over having the treatment withdrawn, it is called what?

In the Brian and Brittany scenario, what was/were the dependent variable(s)?

The major disadvantages of the withdrawal design have to do with which of the following situations?

What design was used in the Brian and Brittany scenario?

Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Methods for Changing Target Behaviors

Methods for Recording Behaviors

Issues in Single Subject Research

Action Research

Changing Conditions and Changing Criterion Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Alternating Treatments Designs

Methods for Analyzing Data

Filters