Question 1

The primary advantage to visual analysis is that it:

Accepted Answer

A) is simple to use. 
B) is sufficient for revealing strong intervention effects. 
C) can include descriptive statistical analysis. 
D) requires the researcher to look beyond the data to consider outliers. 
A) is simple to use. 
B) is sufficient for revealing strong intervention effects. 
C) can include descriptive statistical analysis. 
D) requires the researcher to look beyond the data to consider outliers. A

Question 2

Explain how change in level and trend from baseline to intervention phases are immediate indicators of a potentially successful intervention.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:First, change in level (particularly if there is little or no overlap of data from baseline to intervention phase)indicates a rapid and substantial change in the dependent variable responding as the intervention is introduced. This suggests at least a rapid effect.Second, change in trend in the dependent variable also can be an indicator of rapid effect. An ascending baseline that reverts to a descending trend (assuming reduction in behavior is desired)or vice versa (descending or flat baseline changes to ascending trend in a program to increase the target behavior)is an indicator of a rapid and positive effect.Repeated measures and replication effects are necessary to fully establish the functional relationship.

Question 3

Mixed methods research would include _______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) quantitative methods 
B) qualitative methods 
C) cumulative methods 
D) both quantitative and qualitative methods 
A) quantitative methods 
B) qualitative methods 
C) cumulative methods 
D) both quantitative and qualitative methods D

Question 4

The performance of the target behavior and where along the y -axis the data points fall is called ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) level of behavior 
B) variability in performance 
C) statistical analysis 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) level of behavior 
B) variability in performance 
C) statistical analysis 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

A type __________ error is when the researcher infers there is a significant intervention effect when, in fact, there is not one.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) effect 
D) criterion 
A) I 
B) II 
C) effect 
D) criterion

Question 6

Briefly explain why the use of mixed methods lends itself particularly well to single-subject research.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:By its nature, s

Question 7

A disadvantage of visual analysis is that:

Accepted Answer

A) there is a large time demand. 
B) statistically significant results do not translate into successful intervention effects. 
C) it may not be as reliable as quantitative analysis. 
D) two analysts are required to analyze the data. 
A) there is a large time demand. 
B) statistically significant results do not translate into successful intervention effects. 
C) it may not be as reliable as quantitative analysis. 
D) two analysts are required to analyze the data.

Question 8

___________ occurs because the individual data collection observations in single subject research may not yield independent observations.

Accepted Answer

A) Autocorrelation 
B) Trend 
C) Randomization 
D) Bias 
A) Autocorrelation 
B) Trend 
C) Randomization 
D) Bias

Question 9

Summarize and explain the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative analysis in single-subject research studies.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:Visual analysis

Question 11

This parametric procedure is used to test for mean performance differences (typically across phases):

Accepted Answer

A) time series analysis. 
B) Tukey's mean test. 
C) t test or ANOVA. 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) time series analysis. 
B) Tukey's mean test. 
C) t test or ANOVA. 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 12

Some limitations to statistical analysis include:

Accepted Answer

A) assumptions for use may be violated. 
B) one may obtain a type I or type II error. 
C) required knowledge and use of statistical computer packages. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) assumptions for use may be violated. 
B) one may obtain a type I or type II error. 
C) required knowledge and use of statistical computer packages. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 13

Visual analysis may be applied primarily to inspect changes ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) within a phase or condition 
B) across phases or conditions 
C) within and across phases or conditions 
D) None of these are correct 
A) within a phase or condition 
B) across phases or conditions 
C) within and across phases or conditions 
D) None of these are correct

Question 14

Changes in the direction of the data path between baseline and intervention phases are called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) directional changes 
B) immediate changes in level 
C) correlations 
D) trend changes 
A) directional changes 
B) immediate changes in level 
C) correlations 
D) trend changes

Question 15

Explain autocorrelation and why its presence is an issue for the use of parametric statistical analyses.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer points:Autocorrelation

Question 16

A disadvantage of qualitative analysis is that:

Accepted Answer

A) there is a large time demand. 
B) statistically significant results do not translate into successful intervention effects. 
C) it may not be as reliable as quantitative analysis. 
D) two analysts are required to analyze the data. 
A) there is a large time demand. 
B) statistically significant results do not translate into successful intervention effects. 
C) it may not be as reliable as quantitative analysis. 
D) two analysts are required to analyze the data.

Question 17

According to Denzin and Lincoln (1994), which is the first phase in the qualitative research process for a single-subject study?

Accepted Answer

A) Theoretical paradigms and perspectives are discovered and applied. 
B) Research strategies are identified. 
C) Methods of collection and analysis are identified. 
D) The researcher places himself/herself in historical context. 
A) Theoretical paradigms and perspectives are discovered and applied. 
B) Research strategies are identified. 
C) Methods of collection and analysis are identified. 
D) The researcher places himself/herself in historical context.

Question 18

_____________ is determined by examining the direction of the data path.

Accepted Answer

A) Trend 
B) Baseline 
C) Level 
D) Baseline phase 
A) Trend 
B) Baseline 
C) Level 
D) Baseline phase

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) case studies 
B) statistical review 
C) introspection 
D) observations 
A) case studies 
B) statistical review 
C) introspection 
D) observations

Question 20

You should use visual analysis when:

Accepted Answer

A) the data are not graphically depicted. 
B) the researcher wishes to make formative and summative analyses. 
C) when continuous numerical data are not gathered. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) the data are not graphically depicted. 
B) the researcher wishes to make formative and summative analyses. 
C) when continuous numerical data are not gathered. 
D) All of these are correct.

The primary advantage to visual analysis is that it:

Explain how change in level and trend from baseline to intervention phases are immediate indicators of a potentially successful intervention.

Mixed methods research would include _______________________.

The performance of the target behavior and where along the y -axis the data points fall is called ______________________.

A type __________ error is when the researcher infers there is a significant intervention effect when, in fact, there is not one.

Briefly explain why the use of mixed methods lends itself particularly well to single-subject research.

A disadvantage of visual analysis is that:

___________ occurs because the individual data collection observations in single subject research may not yield independent observations.

Summarize and explain the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative analysis in single-subject research studies.

Summarize and explain the advantages and disadvantages of visual analysis in single-subject research studies.

This parametric procedure is used to test for mean performance differences (typically across phases):

Some limitations to statistical analysis include:

Visual analysis may be applied primarily to inspect changes ______________________.

Changes in the direction of the data path between baseline and intervention phases are called ____________________.

Explain autocorrelation and why its presence is an issue for the use of parametric statistical analyses.

A disadvantage of qualitative analysis is that:

According to Denzin and Lincoln (1994), which is the first phase in the qualitative research process for a single-subject study?

_____________ is determined by examining the direction of the data path.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative analysis?

You should use visual analysis when:

Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Methods for Changing Target Behaviors

Methods for Recording Behaviors

Issues in Single Subject Research

Action Research

Withdrawal Designs

Changing Conditions and Changing Criterion Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Alternating Treatments Designs

Filters

Exam 10: Methods for Analyzing Data

The primary advantage to visual analysis is that it:

Explain how change in level and trend from baseline to intervention phases are immediate indicators of a potentially successful intervention.

Mixed methods research would include _______________________.

The performance of the target behavior and where along the y -axis the data points fall is called ______________________.

A type __________ error is when the researcher infers there is a significant intervention effect when, in fact, there is not one.

Briefly explain why the use of mixed methods lends itself particularly well to single-subject research.

A disadvantage of visual analysis is that:

___________ occurs because the individual data collection observations in single subject research may not yield independent observations.

Summarize and explain the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative analysis in single-subject research studies.

Summarize and explain the advantages and disadvantages of visual analysis in single-subject research studies.

This parametric procedure is used to test for mean performance differences (typically across phases):

Some limitations to statistical analysis include:

Visual analysis may be applied primarily to inspect changes ______________________.

Changes in the direction of the data path between baseline and intervention phases are called ____________________.

Explain autocorrelation and why its presence is an issue for the use of parametric statistical analyses.

A disadvantage of qualitative analysis is that:

According to Denzin and Lincoln (1994), which is the first phase in the qualitative research process for a single-subject study?

_____________ is determined by examining the direction of the data path.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a qualitative analysis?

You should use visual analysis when:

Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Methods for Changing Target Behaviors

Methods for Recording Behaviors

Issues in Single Subject Research

Action Research

Withdrawal Designs

Changing Conditions and Changing Criterion Designs

Multiple Baseline Designs

Alternating Treatments Designs

Filters