Question 1

That the Peace of Lodi lasted for forty years may be credited to

Accepted Answer

A) raison d'état . 
B) leadership of the condottieri . 
C) effective diplomacy. 
D) the peace initiatives of the French. 
E) the leadership of the pope. 
A) raison d'état . 
B) leadership of the condottieri . 
C) effective diplomacy. 
D) the peace initiatives of the French. 
E) the leadership of the pope. C

Question 2

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 individualism

Accepted Answer

Individualism is a social and political philosophy that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual. It is a principle that prioritizes the rights, freedoms, and independence of individual people over the demands and interests of society or any collective group.

Who? Individualism pertains to individuals within a society, and it is a concept that can be promoted by philosophers, political theorists, and individuals who believe in the importance of personal autonomy.

What? Individualism is the idea that each person is unique and should have the freedom to pursue their own goals and express themselves without undue interference from the government or other groups. It is often contrasted with collectivism, which emphasizes the group and communal responsibilities over individual rights.

Where? Individualism can be found in many cultures around the world, but it is particularly prominent in Western societies, especially in the United States and Europe, where it has been a foundational element of liberal democracy and capitalism.

When? The concept of individualism has evolved over centuries, but it became especially significant during the Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries, when thinkers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote about the rights and freedoms of individuals. It gained further prominence during the 19th and 20th centuries as liberal democracies developed.

Why Important? Individualism is important because it is closely linked to the concepts of freedom, self-expression, and personal responsibility. It is the foundation for many political and social systems that value human rights and the rule of law. Individualism supports the idea that individuals should have the opportunity to make choices about their lives and be responsible for those choices. It also underpins many economic systems that rely on personal initiative and innovation. In a broader sense, individualism contributes to the diversity of ideas, cultures, and lifestyles by allowing people the freedom to develop their own paths in life.

Question 3

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. In what ways did the Renaissance represent each of the following: a period of rebirth, a period of transition, and a sharp break with the past?

Accepted Answer

The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in many ways. It marked a revival of interest in the classical art, literature, and learning of ancient Greece and Rome. This renewed focus on the classical world led to a flourishing of new ideas and creativity in various fields, including art, architecture, science, and philosophy. The Renaissance also saw a renewed emphasis on humanism, which placed a greater emphasis on the potential and achievements of human beings.

At the same time, the Renaissance was also a period of transition. It marked a shift from the medieval to the modern world, as new ideas and technologies began to emerge. The Renaissance saw the development of new artistic techniques, such as linear perspective and chiaroscuro, which revolutionized the way artists depicted the world. In addition, the period saw the rise of new scientific and philosophical ideas, such as the heliocentric model of the universe and the concept of individualism.

Finally, the Renaissance represented a sharp break with the past in many ways. It challenged the traditional authority of the Catholic Church and the feudal system, leading to a greater emphasis on individual freedom and secularism. The period also saw the rise of new forms of artistic expression, such as the use of oil paint and the development of new musical styles. In addition, the Renaissance saw the emergence of new political and economic systems, such as the rise of nation-states and the development of capitalism.

In conclusion, the Renaissance represented a period of rebirth, transition, and a sharp break with the past. It marked a revival of classical learning and a flourishing of new ideas and creativity, while also ushering in a shift from the medieval to the modern world and challenging traditional authority and artistic expression.

Question 4

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. The Renaissance is said to mark the birth of the modern age. Do you agree or disagree with that statement, and why?

Accepted Answer

The Renaissance is often considered to m

Question 5

Raphael's The School of Athens

Accepted Answer

A) depicts Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek philosophers. 
B) was painted to decorate the Vatican. 
C) depicts classical grandeur. 
D) assumed an essential harmony between Greek philosophy and Christianity. 
E) all of the above 
A) depicts Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek philosophers. 
B) was painted to decorate the Vatican. 
C) depicts classical grandeur. 
D) assumed an essential harmony between Greek philosophy and Christianity. 
E) all of the above

Question 6

A central theme in the work of Shakespeare was

Accepted Answer

A) the striking contradiction between a person's nobility and his capacity for evil and self-destruction. 
B) the unpredictable consequences of fortune. 
C) that love will always in. 
D) despite elaborate facades people are fundamentally simple and well-meaning. 
E) that tragedy is the main source of nobility. 
A) the striking contradiction between a person's nobility and his capacity for evil and self-destruction. 
B) the unpredictable consequences of fortune. 
C) that love will always in. 
D) despite elaborate facades people are fundamentally simple and well-meaning. 
E) that tragedy is the main source of nobility.

Question 7

Critics of Burckhardt's thesis point to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the legal and scholastic studies that flourished in Italian universities before 1300. 
B) the "Twelfth-Century Awakening." 
C) the revival of classical learning during the High Middle Ages. 
D) the absence of links between medieval and Renaissance culture. 
E) the medieval heritage of town life and trade. 
A) the legal and scholastic studies that flourished in Italian universities before 1300. 
B) the "Twelfth-Century Awakening." 
C) the revival of classical learning during the High Middle Ages. 
D) the absence of links between medieval and Renaissance culture. 
E) the medieval heritage of town life and trade.

Question 8

Who was the first to be credited with identifying the Renaissance as the beginning of the modern world?

Accepted Answer

A) Burckhardt 
B) Carlyle 
C) Toynbee 
D) Trevelyn 
E) Lelewel 
A) Burckhardt 
B) Carlyle 
C) Toynbee 
D) Trevelyn 
E) Lelewel

Question 9

The Renaissance was restricted to Italy until

Accepted Answer

A) the late fourteenth century. 
B) the late fifteenth century. 
C) the late sixteenth century. 
D) the late seventeenth century. 
E) none of the above 
A) the late fourteenth century. 
B) the late fifteenth century. 
C) the late sixteenth century. 
D) the late seventeenth century. 
E) none of the above

Question 10

The new and powerful Renaissance image of man as the  magus refers to

Accepted Answer

A) man as a magician who can control nature. 
B) man as magnificent and capable of political achievement. 
C) man as blessed and capable of achieving salvation. 
D) man as mystical and able to understand divine revelation. 
E) man as a master of his own fate and legacy. 
A) man as a magician who can control nature. 
B) man as magnificent and capable of political achievement. 
C) man as blessed and capable of achieving salvation. 
D) man as mystical and able to understand divine revelation. 
E) man as a master of his own fate and legacy.

Question 11

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What aspects of Italian society fostered the development of the Renaissance?

Accepted Answer

The development of the Renaissance in It

Question 12

Which of the following was the most common reason the city-states of northern Italy used to justify their resistance to papal interference?

Accepted Answer

A) Their primary loyalty was to the Holy Roman Emperor. 
B) The Papacy had lost its legitimacy because if its move to Avignon and the Great Schism. 
C) Christ denied all political jurisdiction to the clergy. 
D) The pope condemned many essential business practices, such as charging interest on loans, as un-Christian. 
E) They still recognized the authority of emperor in Constantinople. 
A) Their primary loyalty was to the Holy Roman Emperor. 
B) The Papacy had lost its legitimacy because if its move to Avignon and the Great Schism. 
C) Christ denied all political jurisdiction to the clergy. 
D) The pope condemned many essential business practices, such as charging interest on loans, as un-Christian. 
E) They still recognized the authority of emperor in Constantinople.

Question 13

In his studies of anatomy, Leonardo da Vinci

Accepted Answer

A) used dissections. 
B) examined sexuality including male erections, a couple having sex, and the fetus in the womb. 
C) discovered arteriosclerosis. 
D) gathered material for more accurate art. 
E) all of the above 
A) used dissections. 
B) examined sexuality including male erections, a couple having sex, and the fetus in the womb. 
C) discovered arteriosclerosis. 
D) gathered material for more accurate art. 
E) all of the above

Question 14

Sir Thomas More, in his Utopia , advanced the concept that

Accepted Answer

A) some poverty is inevitable. 
B) an acquisitive society eventually achieves the just distribution of goods. 
C) for a just society, private property must be abolished , and greed and human cruelty should be prevented. 
D) lawyers could help to design a just society. 
E) Plato's perfect society was feasible. 
A) some poverty is inevitable. 
B) an acquisitive society eventually achieves the just distribution of goods. 
C) for a just society, private property must be abolished , and greed and human cruelty should be prevented. 
D) lawyers could help to design a just society. 
E) Plato's perfect society was feasible.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT one of the impacts of printing?

Accepted Answer

A) Books became big business, with high consumer demand. 
B) Printing helped standardize written language. 
C) The clerical and genteel monopoly on reading was broken. 
D) Printing loosened censorship of information. 
E) Printed books were much cheaper than earlier ones. 
A) Books became big business, with high consumer demand. 
B) Printing helped standardize written language. 
C) The clerical and genteel monopoly on reading was broken. 
D) Printing loosened censorship of information. 
E) Printed books were much cheaper than earlier ones.

Question 16

The tale of Don Quixote may be considered

Accepted Answer

A) a satire on the values of knighthood. 
B) a story of an enduring romance. 
C) an account of the valor of knights expelling Muslims from Spain. 
D) the journal of a wandering monk. 
E) a comedy on the follies of simple people. 
A) a satire on the values of knighthood. 
B) a story of an enduring romance. 
C) an account of the valor of knights expelling Muslims from Spain. 
D) the journal of a wandering monk. 
E) a comedy on the follies of simple people.

Question 17

The humanist credited with making Renaissance humanism an international movement was

Accepted Answer

A) Petrarch. 
B) Lorenzo Valla. 
C) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. 
D) Desiderius Erasmus. 
E) Sir Thomas More. 
A) Petrarch. 
B) Lorenzo Valla. 
C) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. 
D) Desiderius Erasmus. 
E) Sir Thomas More.

Question 18

Between 1300 and 1550, most northern Italian cities

Accepted Answer

A) were organized as democracies. 
B) passed through phases of republican rule followed by despotic (princely)rule. 
C) fell under papal rule. 
D) were ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. 
E) maintained republican governments. 
A) were organized as democracies. 
B) passed through phases of republican rule followed by despotic (princely)rule. 
C) fell under papal rule. 
D) were ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. 
E) maintained republican governments.

Question 19

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 despotism

Accepted Answer

Despotism is a form of government where

Question 20

From the Italian Renaissance through the Age of Enlightenment

Accepted Answer

A) every level of society experienced more continuity than change. 
B) radical changes in European civilization affected only the clergy. 
C) radical changes in European civilization affected only the aristocratic elites. 
D) the outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages disintegrated. 
E) the outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages were strengthened. 
A) every level of society experienced more continuity than change. 
B) radical changes in European civilization affected only the clergy. 
C) radical changes in European civilization affected only the aristocratic elites. 
D) the outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages disintegrated. 
E) the outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages were strengthened.

Exam 13: The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

That the Peace of Lodi lasted for forty years may be credited to

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? individualism

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. In what ways did the Renaissance represent each of the following: a period of rebirth, a period of transition, and a sharp break with the past?

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. The Renaissance is said to mark the birth of the modern age. Do you agree or disagree with that statement, and why?

Raphael's The School of Athens

A central theme in the work of Shakespeare was

Critics of Burckhardt's thesis point to all of the following EXCEPT

Who was the first to be credited with identifying the Renaissance as the beginning of the modern world?

The Renaissance was restricted to Italy until

The new and powerful Renaissance image of man as the magus refers to

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What aspects of Italian society fostered the development of the Renaissance?

Which of the following was the most common reason the city-states of northern Italy used to justify their resistance to papal interference?

In his studies of anatomy, Leonardo da Vinci

Sir Thomas More, in his Utopia , advanced the concept that

Which of the following was NOT one of the impacts of printing?

The tale of Don Quixote may be considered

The humanist credited with making Renaissance humanism an international movement was

Between 1300 and 1550, most northern Italian cities

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? despotism

From the Italian Renaissance through the Age of Enlightenment

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State Democratic Politics

Greek Thought From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire a World-State

Early Christianity a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome Byzantium Islam and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages Vitality and Enewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

An Era of Totalitarianism

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War II Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

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