Exam 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

In a Pretest-posttest design, a researcher makes multiple observations before and after the introduction of a treatment.

A researcher is examining cooperation between peers by observing children at six years, eight years, and ten years old. If the researcher uses a cross-sectional design and obtains 20 scores for each age, how many children participated in the entire study?

The posttest-only nonequivalent control group design comes close to being a true experiment and is therefore is a quasi-experimental design.

In a cross-sectional developmental study, age would be the quasi-independent variable.

The goal of the Pre-post design is to examine the effects of treatment by measuring ____.

A problem with a longitudinal design is that the results may be distorted by ____.

The researcher is least likely to randomly assign individuals to treatment groups in which type of study?

A Pretest-posttest design (OXO) is considered to be a(n) ____.

Which statement accurately describes what is evaluated by differential research?

In nonexperimental and quasi-experimental studies, different groups or conditions are defined in terms of ____.

Pre-post designs are threatened by ____.

A cross-sectional design comparing three different ages would require three separate groups of participants.

Differential history effects are a threat to internal validity for which of the following designs?

A time-series design is a(n) ____.

The Pre-post designs are similar to within-subjects designs; however, in a Pre-post design, it is impossible to ____.

Nonexperimental studies always contain a threat to internal validity, which means that these studies cannot establish unambiguous cause-and-effect relationships.

The Pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design reduces the threat of individual differences and limits time-related threats and therefore is a quasi-experimental design.

Last year, the state increased the speed limit on one section of highway from 55 to 65 mph. To evaluate the effect of the change, a researcher gathered accident reports for six months before the change and for six months after the change. This is an example of a(n) ____.

Which research design is being used by a researcher comparing job satisfaction scores for adults with college degrees versus scores for adults without college degrees?

Six months after a devastating earthquake, a researcher goes back and examines archival data (sales records, etc.) that indicate how prepared residents in the area were for a disaster before the earthquake hit unexpectedly. The researcher then gathers data on how prepared residents are for a disaster six months later and compares the scores. This study is an example of a(n) ____.