Question 1

When a treatment is expected to have long-lasting effects, a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-case design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

In a multiple-baseline design using two participants, what should a researcher do to ensure that any change in behavior is due to the treatment and not an outside factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Revert back to the baseline for one of the participants, but not the other 
B)  Introduce the treatment at a different time for each participant 
C)  Introduce the treatment immediately for both participants 
D)  Administer a questionnaire to ask participants about outside influences 
A)  Revert back to the baseline for one of the participants, but not the other 
B)  Introduce the treatment at a different time for each participant 
C)  Introduce the treatment immediately for both participants 
D)  Administer a questionnaire to ask participants about outside influences B

Question 3

What name is given to a single-case design consisting of the following four phases in the order given: baseline, treatment, baseline, treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  BABA design 
B)  ABA design 
C)  ABAB design 
D)  BTBT design 
A)  BABA design 
B)  ABA design 
C)  ABAB design 
D)  BTBT design C

Question 4

The goal of single-case research is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provide a detailed description of a single individual 
B)  describe variables as the exist naturally 
C)  describe the relationship between variables 
D)  determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables 
A)  provide a detailed description of a single individual 
B)  describe variables as the exist naturally 
C)  describe the relationship between variables 
D)  determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables

Question 5

A stable trend within a phase is defined as a set of observations that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cluster around a horizontal line when graphed 
B)  cluster around a vertical line when graphed 
C)  cluster around a sloping line when graphed 
D)  all have exactly the same magnitude 
A)  cluster around a horizontal line when graphed 
B)  cluster around a vertical line when graphed 
C)  cluster around a sloping line when graphed 
D)  all have exactly the same magnitude

Question 6

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  trends in the data 
B)  phase changes 
C)  unstable data 
D)  a treatment that has a relatively small effect 
A)  trends in the data 
B)  phase changes 
C)  unstable data 
D)  a treatment that has a relatively small effect

Question 7

A stable level within a phase is defined as a set of observations that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cluster around a horizontal line when graphed 
B)  cluster around a line sloping up to the right when graphed 
C)  cluster around a line sloping down to the right when graphed 
D)  are distributed equally along both axes 
A)  cluster around a horizontal line when graphed 
B)  cluster around a line sloping up to the right when graphed 
C)  cluster around a line sloping down to the right when graphed 
D)  are distributed equally along both axes

Question 8

To establish a pattern within a phase and determine the stability of the data within a phase, researchers must make at least _____ observations within that phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  six 
C)  ten 
D)  twelve 
A)  three 
B)  six 
C)  ten 
D)  twelve

Question 9

Three components help researchers control other variables in a single-case study: baseline measurements, repeated observations, and replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A treatment phase is defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of observations made when a treatment is being administered 
B)  the first observation made after a treatment is administered 
C)  the amount of change between the final observation before treatment and the first observation after treatment 
D)  the boundary between pretreatment observations and posttreatment observations 
A)  a series of observations made when a treatment is being administered 
B)  the first observation made after a treatment is administered 
C)  the amount of change between the final observation before treatment and the first observation after treatment 
D)  the boundary between pretreatment observations and posttreatment observations

Question 11

The success of a single-case experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Typically, the results from a single-case research study are evaluated using ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation 
B)  inferential statistics such as a hypothesis test 
C)  visual inspection of a graph 
D)  consensus among at least three researchers 
A)  descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation 
B)  inferential statistics such as a hypothesis test 
C)  visual inspection of a graph 
D)  consensus among at least three researchers

Question 13

The goal of single-case designs is to demonstrate that the manipulation of a treatment is responsible for causing changes in behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The component-analysis design cannot be done with treatments that are permanent or long-term.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What is one way that single-case studies control outside variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Making a series of observations over time 
B)  Waiting to measure behavior until after treatment 
C)  Using statistical tests to determine significance 
D)  Using a no-treatment control group for comparison 
A)  Making a series of observations over time 
B)  Waiting to measure behavior until after treatment 
C)  Using statistical tests to determine significance 
D)  Using a no-treatment control group for comparison

Question 16

What is an ethical concern for the ABAB design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuing to administer the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective 
B)  Administering the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase 
C)  Removing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective 
D)  Reintroducing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective 
A)  Continuing to administer the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective 
B)  Administering the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase 
C)  Removing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective 
D)  Reintroducing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective

Question 17

The reversal component in an ABAB design ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  assists in establishing a causal relationship 
B)  introduces a modified version of the treatment 
C)  introduces a completely different treatment 
D)  administers the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase 
A)  assists in establishing a causal relationship 
B)  introduces a modified version of the treatment 
C)  introduces a completely different treatment 
D)  administers the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase

Question 18

In the notation for single-case designs (e.g., ABAB), the letter B represents the baseline phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A key feature of the multiple-baseline design is that it _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  requires only one phase change 
B)  can show correlation but not causation 
C)  is descriptive rather than experimental 
D)  does not allow for manipulation of an independent variable 
A)  requires only one phase change 
B)  can show correlation but not causation 
C)  is descriptive rather than experimental 
D)  does not allow for manipulation of an independent variable

Question 20

Unlike experiments, single-case studies do not manipulate an independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

When a treatment is expected to have long-lasting effects, a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-case design.

In a multiple-baseline design using two participants, what should a researcher do to ensure that any change in behavior is due to the treatment and not an outside factor?

What name is given to a single-case design consisting of the following four phases in the order given: baseline, treatment, baseline, treatment?

The goal of single-case research is to ____.

A stable trend within a phase is defined as a set of observations that ____.

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with ____.

A stable level within a phase is defined as a set of observations that ____.

To establish a pattern within a phase and determine the stability of the data within a phase, researchers must make at least _____ observations within that phase.

Three components help researchers control other variables in a single-case study: baseline measurements, repeated observations, and replication.

A treatment phase is defined as ____.

The success of a single-case experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.

Typically, the results from a single-case research study are evaluated using ____.

The goal of single-case designs is to demonstrate that the manipulation of a treatment is responsible for causing changes in behavior.

The component-analysis design cannot be done with treatments that are permanent or long-term.

What is one way that single-case studies control outside variables?

What is an ethical concern for the ABAB design?

The reversal component in an ABAB design ____.

In the notation for single-case designs (e.g., ABAB), the letter B represents the baseline phase.

A key feature of the multiple-baseline design is that it _____.

Unlike experiments, single-case studies do not manipulate an independent variable.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters

Exam 14: Single-Case Experimental Research Designs

When a treatment is expected to have long-lasting effects, a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-case design.

In a multiple-baseline design using two participants, what should a researcher do to ensure that any change in behavior is due to the treatment and not an outside factor?

What name is given to a single-case design consisting of the following four phases in the order given: baseline, treatment, baseline, treatment?

The goal of single-case research is to ____.

A stable trend within a phase is defined as a set of observations that ____.

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with ____.

A stable level within a phase is defined as a set of observations that ____.

To establish a pattern within a phase and determine the stability of the data within a phase, researchers must make at least _____ observations within that phase.

Three components help researchers control other variables in a single-case study: baseline measurements, repeated observations, and replication.

A treatment phase is defined as ____.

The success of a single-case experiment depends on demonstrating that behavior changes when the treatment is implemented and then repeating the demonstration at least one more time.

Typically, the results from a single-case research study are evaluated using ____.

The goal of single-case designs is to demonstrate that the manipulation of a treatment is responsible for causing changes in behavior.

The component-analysis design cannot be done with treatments that are permanent or long-term.

What is one way that single-case studies control outside variables?

What is an ethical concern for the ABAB design?

The reversal component in an ABAB design ____.

In the notation for single-case designs (e.g., ABAB), the letter B represents the baseline phase.

A key feature of the multiple-baseline design is that it _____.

Unlike experiments, single-case studies do not manipulate an independent variable.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method

Research Ideas and Hypotheses

Defining and Measuring Variables

Ethics in Research

Selecting Research Participants

Research Strategies and Validity

The Experimental Research Strategy

Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design

Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Prepost, and Developmental Designs

Factorial Designs

The Correlational Research Strategy

The Descriptive Research Strategy

Statistical Evaluation of Data

Writing an Apa-Style Research Report

Filters