Question 1

Define bonding, ionic bonding, and covalent bonding. Why is bonding important in the formation of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Interactions among electrons around atom

Question 2

The chemical formula of calcium carbonate is CaCO3. The number three (3)in this formula represents the ratio of ____ in the mineral.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium atoms to carbon atoms 
B) oxygen atoms to carbon atoms 
C) carbonate atoms to oxygen atoms 
D) oxygen electrons to oxygen atoms 
E) carbon electron to oxygen atoms 
A) calcium atoms to carbon atoms 
B) oxygen atoms to carbon atoms 
C) carbonate atoms to oxygen atoms 
D) oxygen electrons to oxygen atoms 
E) carbon electron to oxygen atoms

Question 3

Some atoms and molecules have a weak attractive force between them called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a van der Waals bond 
B) nonferromagnetism 
C) a noble gas bond 
D) a metallic bond 
E) isotopic attraction 
A) a van der Waals bond 
B) nonferromagnetism 
C) a noble gas bond 
D) a metallic bond 
E) isotopic attraction

Question 4

An example of a native element is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) mica 
B) biotite 
C) calcite 
D) silver 
E) gypsum 
A) mica 
B) biotite 
C) calcite 
D) silver 
E) gypsum

Question 5

What is an atom?

Accepted Answer

A) a negatively charged particle that circles a nucleus 
B) a positively charged particle within a nucleus 
C) the smallest particle into which an element can be divided while still retaining the chemical characteristics of that element 
D) a combination of elements 
E) a particle in the nucleus that has no charge 
A) a negatively charged particle that circles a nucleus 
B) a positively charged particle within a nucleus 
C) the smallest particle into which an element can be divided while still retaining the chemical characteristics of that element 
D) a combination of elements 
E) a particle in the nucleus that has no charge

Question 6

Specific gravity is the ratio of a mineral's weight to the weight of an equal volume of water at four degrees Celsius.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Ionic bonds occur when electrons ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are transferred between atoms 
B) are shared by atoms 
C) lose their noble gas properties 
D) have a positive charge 
E) become separated from their atoms 
A) are transferred between atoms 
B) are shared by atoms 
C) lose their noble gas properties 
D) have a positive charge 
E) become separated from their atoms

Question 8

Different isotopes of the same element differ from each other in that they have different ____________________ numbers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Different isotopes of the same element differ...

Question 9

A mineral's specific gravity and density ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are always different 
B) cannot be calculated with a small specimen 
C) are calculated based on the specific gravity and density of denatured alcohol 
D) change with elevation 
E) are controlled by its structure and composition 
A) are always different 
B) cannot be calculated with a small specimen 
C) are calculated based on the specific gravity and density of denatured alcohol 
D) change with elevation 
E) are controlled by its structure and composition

Question 10

The two most common elements in Earth's crust are ____________________ and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

oxygen, si

Question 11

The two basic types of luster are ____________________ and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

metallic,

Question 12

Most common minerals can be identified by using several different physical properties. One of these is the density, or ____________________, of the mineral.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most common minerals can be identified by...

Question 13

Elements bond together to form molecules because they ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are most stable when their outer electron shell is filled 
B) need to have a positive charge 
C) need to have a negative charge 
D) are glued together by protons 
E) are pulled by electromagnetic forces 
A) are most stable when their outer electron shell is filled 
B) need to have a positive charge 
C) need to have a negative charge 
D) are glued together by protons 
E) are pulled by electromagnetic forces

Question 14

Cooling of molten rock material known as ____________________ is one phenomenon that accounts for the origin of minerals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cooling of molten rock material known as...

Question 15

All minerals ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are crystalline, inorganic, and naturally occurring 
B) contain at least three separate elements 
C) are found deep within Earth's core 
D) cleave 
E) are either ferromagnesian or nonferromagnesian silicates 
A) are crystalline, inorganic, and naturally occurring 
B) contain at least three separate elements 
C) are found deep within Earth's core 
D) cleave 
E) are either ferromagnesian or nonferromagnesian silicates

Question 16

Cleavage is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the breaking of minerals along smooth planes of weakness determined by the strength of their chemical bonds 
B) not useful for mineral identification 
C) determined by how many different elements are combined in the formation of a particular mineral 
D) the breaking of minerals along planes of fracture resulting from strong hydrogen bonds 
E) mineral breakage along irregular surfaces 
A) the breaking of minerals along smooth planes of weakness determined by the strength of their chemical bonds 
B) not useful for mineral identification 
C) determined by how many different elements are combined in the formation of a particular mineral 
D) the breaking of minerals along planes of fracture resulting from strong hydrogen bonds 
E) mineral breakage along irregular surfaces

Question 17

Minerals that possess ____________________ break, or split, along smooth planes of weakness determined by the strength of their chemical bonds. In contrast, a(n)____________________ is mineral breakage along irregular surfaces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Minerals that possess ____________________ break, or split,...

Question 18

A compound is formed when the number of neutrons in an atom is not equal to the number of protons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Define bonding, ionic bonding, and covalent bonding. Why is bonding important in the formation of minerals?

The chemical formula of calcium carbonate is CaCO3. The number three (3)in this formula represents the ratio of ____ in the mineral.

Some atoms and molecules have a weak attractive force between them called ____.

An example of a native element is ____.

What is an atom?

Specific gravity is the ratio of a mineral's weight to the weight of an equal volume of water at four degrees Celsius.

Ionic bonds occur when electrons ____.

Different isotopes of the same element differ from each other in that they have different ____________________ numbers.

A mineral's specific gravity and density ____.

The two most common elements in Earth's crust are ____________________ and ____________________.

The two basic types of luster are ____________________ and ____________________.

Most common minerals can be identified by using several different physical properties. One of these is the density, or ____________________, of the mineral.

Elements bond together to form molecules because they ____.

Cooling of molten rock material known as ____________________ is one phenomenon that accounts for the origin of minerals.

All minerals ____.

Cleavage is ____.

Minerals that possess ____________________ break, or split, along smooth planes of weakness determined by the strength of their chemical bonds. In contrast, a(n)____________________ is mineral breakage along irregular surfaces.

A compound is formed when the number of neutrons in an atom is not equal to the number of protons.

Understanding Earth: a Dynamic and Evolving Planet

Plate Tectonics: a Unifying Theory

Igneous Rocks and Plutons

Volcanoes and Volcanism

Weathering, Erosion, and Soil

Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Earthquakes and Earthapos;s Interior

Deformation, Mountain Building, and Earthapos;s Crust

Mass Wasting

Running Water--Streams and Rivers

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

The Work of Wind and Deserts

Oceans, Shorelines, and Shoreline Processes

Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles

Organic Evolution--The Theory and Its Supporting Evidence

Precambrian Earth and Life History

Paleozoic Earth History

Paleozoic Life History

Mesozoic Earth and Life History

Cenozoic Earth and Life History

Filters

The chemical formula of calcium carbonate is CaCO₃. The number three (3)in this formula represents the ratio of ____ in the mineral.

The two most common elements in Earth's crust are and .

The two basic types of luster are and .

Minerals that possess break, or split, along smooth planes of weakness determined by the strength of their chemical bonds. In contrast, a(n) is mineral breakage along irregular surfaces.