Question 1

All deposited sediments will eventually form sedimentary rocks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Poorly-sorted sediment has ____.

Accepted Answer

A) no sharp edges 
B) restricted size range 
C) similar mineral composition throughout 
D) great size variation 
E) little chance of becoming sedimentary rock 
A) no sharp edges 
B) restricted size range 
C) similar mineral composition throughout 
D) great size variation 
E) little chance of becoming sedimentary rock D

Question 3

Describe a hypothetical scenario in which a large chunk of quartz becomes the sedimentary rock called sandstone.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary, but should mention weathering, sediment transport, deposition and depositional environment, compaction and cementation, and particle size.

Question 4

Wave-formed ripple marks ____.

Accepted Answer

A) tend to have symmetrical profiles 
B) are good indicators of ancient current directions 
C) have a gentle slope and a steep slope 
D) form in undisturbed deep-sea sedimentary environments 
E) form when clay-rich sediment dries and shrinks 
A) tend to have symmetrical profiles 
B) are good indicators of ancient current directions 
C) have a gentle slope and a steep slope 
D) form in undisturbed deep-sea sedimentary environments 
E) form when clay-rich sediment dries and shrinks

Question 5

Historically, most coal mined in the United States has been ____.

Accepted Answer

A) anthracite 
B) used in steel production 
C) exported to other countries 
D) formed from ancient deep-sea deposits 
E) from the Appalachian region 
A) anthracite 
B) used in steel production 
C) exported to other countries 
D) formed from ancient deep-sea deposits 
E) from the Appalachian region

Question 6

Chemical sedimentary rocks can have a clastic texture or an interlocking grain texture called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) evaporitic 
B) porphyritic 
C) particulate 
D) crystalline 
E) detrital 
A) evaporitic 
B) porphyritic 
C) particulate 
D) crystalline 
E) detrital

Question 7

Two major types of sediments that may become sedimentary rocks are ____________________ and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

detrital,

Question 8

Fossils are common because ____.

Accepted Answer

A) bones are so easily preserved 
B) there are so many environments that are suitable for fossilization 
C) they are obvious once they are unearthed 
D) so many billions of organisms lived during the past 
E) fossilization takes place quickly, before decomposition progresses too far 
A) bones are so easily preserved 
B) there are so many environments that are suitable for fossilization 
C) they are obvious once they are unearthed 
D) so many billions of organisms lived during the past 
E) fossilization takes place quickly, before decomposition progresses too far

Question 9

The most common chemical sedimentary rocks are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) alkaline 
B) granitic 
C) carbolic 
D) anthracite 
E) carbonate 
A) alkaline 
B) granitic 
C) carbolic 
D) anthracite 
E) carbonate

Question 10

Peat formation is the first step in forming the biochemical sedimentary rock called coal. Briefly describe the process of peat formation.

Accepted Answer

Peat forms from vegetation that accumula

Question 11

List five (5)examples of economically important sedimentary rocks and explain their importance. Imagine that two (2)rocks from your list do not exist. Generate ideas for replacing their function(s)in our economy and explain how easy or difficult this task would be.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Examples are sand and

Question 12

Sedimentary structures ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are folded and faulted after lithification 
B) are features that form as a result of physical or biological processes operating in a depositional environment 
C) include fossils 
D) form only in near-shore environments with large-grained particles of carbonate origin 
E) are not helpful in determining a rock's origin 
A) are folded and faulted after lithification 
B) are features that form as a result of physical or biological processes operating in a depositional environment 
C) include fossils 
D) form only in near-shore environments with large-grained particles of carbonate origin 
E) are not helpful in determining a rock's origin

Question 13

Geologists use ____ and their knowledge of present-day depositional processes to make determinations about a rock's depositional environment.

Accepted Answer

A) the principle of uniformitarianism 
B) the principle of catastrophism 
C) lunar geology 
D) anthropology 
E) archeology 
A) the principle of uniformitarianism 
B) the principle of catastrophism 
C) lunar geology 
D) anthropology 
E) archeology

Question 14

Detrital sedimentary rocks are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) organisms are important in its origin 
B) always calcite and are formed in an alkaline environment 
C) made up of interlocking mineral crystals 
D) derived from parent material and usually classified by the size of their constituent particles 
E) sometimes composed of small spherical grains called ooids that have a small nucleus around which concentric layers of calcite precipitate 
A) organisms are important in its origin 
B) always calcite and are formed in an alkaline environment 
C) made up of interlocking mineral crystals 
D) derived from parent material and usually classified by the size of their constituent particles 
E) sometimes composed of small spherical grains called ooids that have a small nucleus around which concentric layers of calcite precipitate

Question 15

Marine transgressions are created when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) rising sea levels break existing rocks apart to form new layers 
B) shorelines change from placid to turbulent due to environmental changes 
C) deposition occurs during a time when sea level rises and the shoreline moves inland 
D) carbon levels in sea water increase 
E) deposition occurs on an ocean beach and later lithifies 
A) rising sea levels break existing rocks apart to form new layers 
B) shorelines change from placid to turbulent due to environmental changes 
C) deposition occurs during a time when sea level rises and the shoreline moves inland 
D) carbon levels in sea water increase 
E) deposition occurs on an ocean beach and later lithifies

Question 16

Calcium carbonate readily dissolves in water that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) is heated to 100o C 
B) contains a small amount of carbonic acid 
C) has pH > 8 
D) is turbid 
E) contains dissolved sodium chloride 
A) is heated to 100o C 
B) contains a small amount of carbonic acid 
C) has pH > 8 
D) is turbid 
E) contains dissolved sodium chloride

Question 17

Anthracite coal ____.

Accepted Answer

A) has up to 75% carbon 
B) is actually a metamorphic type rock 
C) is the most abundant form of coal 
D) is dull-black 
E) contains high amounts of volatile elements 
A) has up to 75% carbon 
B) is actually a metamorphic type rock 
C) is the most abundant form of coal 
D) is dull-black 
E) contains high amounts of volatile elements

Question 18

Define source rock and reservoir rock and briefly explain how each is important to hydrocarbon production.

Accepted Answer

The rock in which hydrocarbons form is k

Question 19

Oil shales are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) found only in North and South America 
B) useful for the kerogen that can be extracted 
C) less expensive to process than are conventional oil sources 
D) currently producing 15 percent of the United States' oil 
E) currently producing 30 percent of the United States' oil 
A) found only in North and South America 
B) useful for the kerogen that can be extracted 
C) less expensive to process than are conventional oil sources 
D) currently producing 15 percent of the United States' oil 
E) currently producing 30 percent of the United States' oil

Question 20

The steam channel, floodplain, lake, beach or deep seafloor where a sediment is laid down is known as its ____________________.

Accepted Answer

deposition

Exam 7: Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

All deposited sediments will eventually form sedimentary rocks.

Poorly-sorted sediment has ____.

Describe a hypothetical scenario in which a large chunk of quartz becomes the sedimentary rock called sandstone.

Wave-formed ripple marks ____.

Historically, most coal mined in the United States has been ____.

Chemical sedimentary rocks can have a clastic texture or an interlocking grain texture called ____.

Two major types of sediments that may become sedimentary rocks are ____________________ and ____________________.

Fossils are common because ____.

The most common chemical sedimentary rocks are ____.

Peat formation is the first step in forming the biochemical sedimentary rock called coal. Briefly describe the process of peat formation.

List five (5)examples of economically important sedimentary rocks and explain their importance. Imagine that two (2)rocks from your list do not exist. Generate ideas for replacing their function(s)in our economy and explain how easy or difficult this task would be.

Sedimentary structures ____.

Geologists use ____ and their knowledge of present-day depositional processes to make determinations about a rock's depositional environment.

Detrital sedimentary rocks are ____.

Marine transgressions are created when ____.

Calcium carbonate readily dissolves in water that ____.

Anthracite coal ____.

Define source rock and reservoir rock and briefly explain how each is important to hydrocarbon production.

Oil shales are ____.

The steam channel, floodplain, lake, beach or deep seafloor where a sediment is laid down is known as its ____________________.

Understanding Earth: a Dynamic and Evolving Planet

Plate Tectonics: a Unifying Theory

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks and Plutons

Volcanoes and Volcanism

Weathering, Erosion, and Soil

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Earthquakes and Earthapos;s Interior

Deformation, Mountain Building, and Earthapos;s Crust

Mass Wasting

Running Water--Streams and Rivers

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

The Work of Wind and Deserts

Oceans, Shorelines, and Shoreline Processes

Geologic Time: Concepts and Principles

Organic Evolution--The Theory and Its Supporting Evidence

Precambrian Earth and Life History

Paleozoic Earth History

Paleozoic Life History

Mesozoic Earth and Life History

Cenozoic Earth and Life History

Filters

Two major types of sediments that may become sedimentary rocks are and .